thrifty, business like, and a man of honor and character. He is one of the esteemed members of the Baptist Church at Sterling, and a stanch adherent to and worker with the Republican party.

ICHAEL CRILE began his hand-to-hand struggle with a portion of the primitive soil of Lincoln Precinct in this county in the fall of 1870, when he purchased 160 acres of land on section 16, where he has since labored with the most admirable results. At that time his neighbors were comparatively distant, and the country around him bore little resemblance to its present condition. He endured the hardships common to the people of that time and place, and for a series of years labored early and late to build up a homestead and acquire a competency for his declining years. He is still in his prime, having been born Dec. 3, 1839, at the modest home of his parents in Wayne County, Ohio.
   John and Elizabeth (Reighard) Crile, the parents of our subject, were natives of Pennsylvania, and of substantial German ancestry. They were people occupying a good standing in the community, and after their marriage left their native State, probably about 1825, settling among the pioneers of Wayne County, Ohio, where they resided until about ten years after the birth of their son Michael. In 1849 the father changed his residence to Henry County, Ill., whence in the year 1863 he migrated across the Mississippi to Central City, Col. He now, with his aged and excellent partner, is enjoying the comforts of a quiet home in Nebraska. The father has attained his fourscore years, while the mother is seventy-eight. They have been remarkable for their useful and active lives, wherein they have gathered around them hosts of friends, whose esteem and confidence they enjoy in a remarkable degree.
   To the parents of our subject were born twelve children, of whom the following survive: Michael, our subject; Maria, the wife of Jacob Fries, of this State; Catherine, Mrs. John Cochran, of Central City, Col.; Sophia, the wife of Lewis Graff, of this county, where also live Franklin and John; Sarah, the wife of Major Bitton, of Central City, Col.; George, in Henry County, Ill., and Emma, wife of Jacob Summers, of this county. The parents were members of the German Evangelical Association, and held in highest respect among the early settlers of Wayne County, where they endured in common with their neighbors the lot of the pioneer, and assisted in the development of the country around them. Michael removed with his parents to Henry County, Ill., where he attained his majority, receiving but a limited education, the advantages of the young men of that day being widely different from those enjoyed by the present generation. He assisted his father in building up the two homesteads in Ohio and Illinois, remaining a member of the parental household until the outbreak of the Civil War.
   On the 11th of August, 1862, our subject proffered his services as a soldier of the Union, enlisting in Company K, 112th Illinois Infantry, which became a part of Sherman's army, but later was assigned to the command of Gen. Thomas. Mr. Crile participated in the battles of the Atlanta campaign, including the siege of that city, was also in the battles at Columbus and Franklin, Tenn., and the siege of Nashville. Later he was at Knoxville under Gen. Burnside, and subsequently at Ft. Anderson, N. C., also fighting at Goldsboro and at Raleigh, where the rebel General. Johnston, surrendered. He was twice cut off from his regiment by the rebels, first at Richmond, Ky., and the second time in the vicinity of Cumberland Gap. He, however, managed to escape capture, and rejoined his comrades safe and sound. He endured in common the hardships and privations of life in the army, being found uniformly at the post of duty, and on the 20th of June, 1865, after the close of the war, received his honorable discharge.
   Mr. Crile upon leaving the army returned to Henry County, Ill., where he engaged in farming until his marriage. This most important event in his life was celebrated in September, 1867, his bride being Miss Catherine, daughter of John Schumann, one of the pioneers of Lincoln Precinct, and of whom further mention is made in the sketch of Henry Schumann, which will be found on another page in this volume. After remaining the faithful

and affectionate companion of her husband for a period of twenty years, Mrs. Crile departed this life at her home in Lincoln Precinct, Oct. 26, 1887. She was a lady greatly beloved by her friends and family, as one possessed of all the Christian virtues, a devoted wife and mother, and a kind and charitable neighbor. She left a vacancy in the home circle which can never be filled. She was the mother of five children, namely: Charles, John, Nannie N., Frank and William. The eldest of these is twenty-one years of age and the youngest two, and they all remain at home with their father.
   The Crile homestead is especially noticeable for its fine improvements, the fruit and shade trees which surround the dwelling providing a shelter from the heats of summer and the storms of winter. Mr. Crile has planted an apple orchard of 140 trees besides trees of the smaller fruits, which have yet to develop to their full capacities. The farm is well improved and under a good state of cultivation, indicating its owner to be a man of untiring industry and excellent judgment. He commenced life dependent upon his own exertions, having been the recipient of no legacy to assist him to a competency.
   He takes a genuine interest in the advancement of his adopted county, being the encourager of those enterprises which shall further the interests of its people. As an ex-soldier he is a member in good standing of the G. A. R., belonging to Hickathorn Post No. 47, at Tecumseh, and politically, is an uncompromising Democrat.

R. CARLTON K. CHUBBUCK, well known as one of the oldest practicing physicians and surgeons of Tecumseh, has followed the duties of his profession at this point and vicinity for a period of seventeen years. He is in the enjoyment of a fine patronage from the best people of this part of the county, among whom his has been a familiar figure, and whose confidence and esteem he enjoys in a marked degree. As a physician he is careful and skillful, and as a citizen has been no unimportant factor in advancing the best interests of his adopted city.
   Our subject is of New England ancestry, his father, James Chubbuck, having been born in the town of Wellington, Tolland Co., Conn., April 5, 1801. He lived there a few years after reaching manhood, then migrated to the vicinity of Orwell, in Bradford County, Pa., where he became owner of a tract of land, and carried on farming successfully until his death, which occurred Feb. 7, 1873. He became a prominent citizen of that region, holding many of its important offices, including those of Register of Deeds, Associate Justice, Supervisor, and all of the township offices. He was a member in good standing of the Methodist Episcopal Church in which he officiated is Class-Leader from 1837 to 1873, and Superintendent of a Sunday-school, which he organized for a period of thirty-five years. He was also Recording Secretary of the church thirty-three years. It will thus be seen that his organ of benevolence was developed to a large degree, as these volunteer duties occupied a large portion of his time and attention.
   James Chubbuck in early manhood was married to Miss Pamelia Keeney, the wedding taking place in Black Walnut, Pa., in 1826. They had a family of four children, all of whom lived until the year 1887, and of whom Carlton K., our subject, was the youngest. The mother departed this life at her home in Orwell, Bradford Co., Pa., Oct. 24, 1837. Grandfather Keeney carried on general merchandising in Wyoming County, Pa. On the paternal side Nathaniel Chubbuck, the grandfather of our subject, was a native of Wellington, Conn., which had been the home of the family for several generations. They were mostly farmers by occupation. The paternal grandmother, Mrs. Chloe (Eaton) Chubbuck, died Oct. 11, 1832, in Orwell., Pa., having survived her husband eight years, his death taking place in 1824. They were the parents of twelve children. Soon after the death of this worthy couple one of their children died, leaving a family of eleven--the first death occurring in the family within sixty-one years and five months. The average age of the ten sons was seventy-five years and six months, the youngest dying when over seventy-one years old.
   Rev. Austin E. Chubbuck, a paternal uncle of our subject, was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, belonging to the Central New York

Conference. Rev. Francis S. belonged to the Wyoming (Pennsylvania) Conference. John is a practicing physician of Binghamton, N. Y.; Dr. H. S., of Elmira, N. Y. Rev. Nathaniel C. is a resident of Pennsylvania. These comprised the professional men among the ten sons. The others were engaged in mercantile business or farming, with the exception of Hon. Aaron Chubbuck, of Pennsylvania, who was Judge of the District Court for many years.
   The subject of this sketch was born at Orwell, Bradford Co., Pa., Oct. 31, 1837. He pursued his studies in the Orwell Seminary for a time, and commenced the reading of medicine at Binghamton and Elmira, N. Y., under the instruction of two uncles, being with each about two years. He took a course of lectures in the Susquehanna Medical College at Binghamton, from which he was graduated in March, 1859. Subsequently he went to New Orleans during the prevalence of yellow fever, and was employed in the prescription department of the drug-store of the Brewer-Diver Drug Company, being thus occupied one year and nine months. Then by the advice of friends he returned North, in advance of the Rebellion, locating in Morrison, Ill.
   Dr. Chubbuck contracted a matrimonial alliance with Miss Frances E. Lawton, of Dixon, Lee Co., Ill., Feb. 21, 1860. They took up their residence at Lockport. Ill., but one and one-half years later removed to Lyndon, Whiteside County, where, during a practice of five years Dr. Chubbuck built up a lucrative business. Desirous of a change, however, he removed to Dixon, Ill., and thence, in February, 1871, came to this county. Here he was at once recognized as a man of more than ordinary ability, and it was not long until he received calls from far and wide, compassing many miles. The country was comparatively new at the time of his coming here, and he has watched with the keenest interest the changes which have transformed the uncultivated land into productive farms, where at intervals have sprung up thriving villages. Dr. Chubbuck has held the office of Coroner in Johnson County for a period of thirteen years, and officiated as a Trustee of the School Board, besides occupying other responsible positions. He identified himself with the I. O. O. F. while a resident of Tecumseh, and has since become a member of the A. O. U. W. In religious matters he is in accord with the doctrines of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he has been a member as Trustee in Tecumseh since the time of taking up his residence here. He for five years officiated as Superintendent of the Sunday-school, and until he was obliged to withdraw on account of the pressure of other duties.
   Mrs. Chubbuck is the daughter of Charles Lawton, a native of England and now deceased. She was born in Wyoming County, Pa., June 2, 1836, and accompanied her parents to Illinois in 1853, remaining with them until her marriage. Her father was born in Lincolnshire, England, and emigrated to America in 1836, settling in Pennsylvania, where he engaged in farming for seventeen years. His death occurred near Dixon, Ill., May 23, 1888, after he had reached the age of seventy-five years. The mother had preceded her husband to the silent land, her death taking place in Illinois in 1856. Mr. Lawton was a second time married, and the last wife survives him. He was a good man in the broadest sense of the term, and a prominent worker in the Methodist Episcopal Church, with which he was connected many years, holding its responsible offices. He was also prominent in local affairs.
   To our subject and his wife there have been born four children, two only of whom are living, daughters Jennie and Bessie. The former is the wife of Rev. P. C. Johnson, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the Nebraska Conference. Mr. and Mrs. C. have an adopted son. Joseph E., who is now eighteen years of age, and continues with his foster parents. Bessie, aged fourteen years, remains with her parents.

HOMAS GOODMAN. The 240-acre farm of this enterprising agriculturist is finely located on section 35 of Spring Creek Precinct. Upon coming to this locality, in the spring of 1875, he purchased first eighty acres for which he paid the sum of $1,200. He began in earnest the improvement of his purchase, and assisted by a most

intelligent, sensible and industrious wife, has accumulated the present fine property, and is numbered among the leading men of his neighborhood.
   Mr. Goodman has found stock-raising especially profitable, and to this industry devotes particular attention. He was reared from his youth up to habits of industry and economy, and is the descendant of substantial English ancestry, comprising, honest men and virtuous women, people of temperate habits, and who generally accumulated a goodly amount of property, making comfortable homes for themselves and families.
   Our subject was born in Sussex County, England, Aug. 9, 1843, and is the son of James and Esther (Highwood) Goodman, natives of the same, where they were reared, married, and where the mother lived until their son Thomas was a lad four years of age. The father died when he was a child of two years. The family then removed from Sussex to Kent County, where they sojourned probably about six years, and then Thomas, returning to Sussex, began working for himself on a farm. He was then a lad of only nine or ten years old, and employed himself at whatever he could find to do until about fifteen years old. He was a thoughtful and ambitious boy, and not making the headway he desired, resolved to seek his fortunes on the other side of the Atlantic. Engaging passage on the steamer "City of Baltimore," bound from Liverpool to New York City, he set foot upon American soil about two weeks latter, and proceeded at once westward to Wisconsin, living on a farm in Waukesha County until the outbreak of the late war.
   Young Goodman, now a youth of eighteen years, and fully identified with the interests of his adopted country, proffered his service in support of the Union, and enlisted Sept. 16, 1861, in the 6th Wisconsin Battery Light Artillery, which became a part of the Army of the Tennessee. He participated in the capture of Island No. 10, was at the siege and the subsequent battle of Corinth after its evacuation, took part in the Yazoo expedition, fought at Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Black River, and at the siege of Vicksburg, being at the latter place under fire for some forty-seven days. Although experiencing some hairbreadth escapes he came out of the conflict unharmed, and with his company was transferred to the 3d Divison (sic), 15th Army Corps, being transferred from the command of Gen. McPherson to that of the late lamented Gen. Logan. Under the latter he participated in the fight at Mission Ridge, and met the enemy in various other minor engagements and skirmishes. He was always at his post for roll call, and was never confined in the hospital, and at the expiration of his term of enlistment received his honorable discharge in November, 1864.
   After retiring from service Mr. Goodman returned to his old haunts in Wisconsin. His youthful experience in England had made him strong and self-reliant, although his education had been neglected, but he kept his eyes open to passing events, and we find him more intelligent and well informed than many with a more careful education. In Wisconsin, after the war, he employed himself at different occupations, having in view the establishment of a home and domestic ties, and on the 23d of November, 1865, was wedded to Miss Phebe A. Phippin, a native of Waukesha County. Mrs. Goodman was born Jan. 1, 1845, and is the daughter of Thomas and Ann (Horn) Phippin, who were natives of England. The father died in 1846 in Wisconsin, and the mother is now the wife of Worthy Luce, of Lincoln Precinct, this county. Mr. P. and his wife emigrated to America before their marriage, settling at once in Wisconsin with their parents. After marriage the father carried on millwrighting in Waukesha County until his death in December, 1847. The mother came to Nebraska after her second marriage, having been a resident of this county, now (1889) about fifteen years.
   Mr. and Mrs. Goodman immediately after their marriage left Wisconsin and settled in the vicinity of Hebron, Porter Co., Ind., where Mr. G. carried on farming, and in connection therewith conducted a broom factory about four years. He then returned to the State of Wisconsin, and resided there, until the spring of the year 1875, which witnessed his advent in this region. He was welcomed to this community as a worthy addition to its ranks, and has interested himself in the general welfare of the people around him and encouraging the enterprises calculated for the general good, contributing to this end as he has time and opportunity. He has

served as Moderator in this district a number of years, and uniformly votes the straight Republican ticket. Both he and his estimable wife are members in good standing of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which Mr. G. has served as Sunday-School Superintendent, and is now a Class-Leader, besides filling other positions of trust.
   The seven children of Mr. and Mrs. Goodman are recorded as follows: George T. was born Nov. 15, 1866; Esther A. and Arthur J. (twins) were born Nov. 9, 1870; Worthy E., Aug. 22, 1872; Joseph B., July 3, 1875; Pearl S., Dec. 18, 1877; Sophie Z., March 2, 1887.

ERMAN ERNST. Among the representative German-American citizens of Lincoln Precinct, the subject of our sketch is one most worthy of mention in a volume of this description. He is a well-to-do farmer and the owner of a well-kept and productive property of 160 acres on section 8, township 5 north, range 12 east. He was born in Hanover, Germany, on the 9th of August, 1843, and is the son of Martin F. L. and Josephine Ernst, and the second of three children born to them.
   Our subject was carefully and well educated in the schools of his native country receiving especially such instruction as would fit him for the commercial world and for the position of book-keeper, which he continued to hold for eight years in connection with a large retail grocery and dry-goods establishment in Hanover. Upon making up his mind to emigrate to the United states, he took passage at Hamburg, in October, 1866, in the steamer "Saxonia," which landed him after a voyage of twenty-one days in the city of New York, whence he proceeded direct to Moline, Ill., where he began farming as a hired hand, continuing the same for three years. Leaving Moline he went to Benton County, Iowa, and there purchased a farm, which he continued successfully to operate until he removed to this county in the winter of 1872.
   On coming to Nebraska our subject purchased 160 acres of land which he still owns. His marriage was celebrated on the 17th of August, 1869, when he was allied with Mary Delfs, a compatriot. Of this union there have been born three children, viz: William R., born June 7, 1870; Josephine, Oct. 1, 1873, and Amanda, in 1874.
   There were but eight acres of ground broken upon his farm at the time Mr. Ernst made his purchase. His commodious, well-built farm residence and all other improvements have been made by him, and are the effect, the cause of which must be sought in his determination to succeed and patient, persevering industry. His character is such as to command and receive the confidence and esteem of all who know him, especially such as have watched his upward progress. He has had good success in the raising of high-grade cattle and horses, and must certainly be classed among the leading stockraisers and farmers of the precinct.
   Mr. and Mrs. Ernst are old and active members of the Lutheran Church, having been connected with it from their youth. He is at present serving as Moderator of the School Board in his district and takes deep interest in the work pertaining thereto, and for thirteen years has served with much satisfaction to all concerned as School Director. In politics he is a Democrat, but is too whole souled and liberal to be bound by party or policy where they conflict with personal worth and principle.

ILLIAM C. REDFIELD is the son of the highly respected F. A. Redfield, of whom a sketch will be found upon another page of this volume. Our subject, resides upon the old homestead, which is situated on section 22 of Western Precinct. He is among the most promising of young farmers and stock-raisers in the county, and because of his many personal traits and characteristics is most favorably regarded by the community.
   The place of the nativity of Mr. Redfield is near Elmwood, Peoria Co., Ill., this interesting event occurring on the 30th of December, 1861. His father Frank A. Redfield, lived there until the year 1868, when he removed to Shenandoah, Iowa, and after some wanderings and perigrinations (sic) to and fro finally settled in the spring of 1870 as stated above,

which has since continued the property of this family. The farm has by no means depreciated in value because it is under the care of our subject, nor is it any the less carefully cultivated, per contra, his ambition and enthusiasm have caused him to lend such care and labor so assiduously as to more than retain the high standard of excellency to which it had been brought by the father.
   Being attracted by the graces and virtues of Mary E. Barrett, daughter of Charles Barrett, of Brookport, N. Y., and all necessary arrangements having been made, our subject was united in marriage with this lady on the 17th of June, 1885. She was born at Monroe Comity, N. Y., but always having lived upon a farm she is the better enabled to enter into the life of our subject and appreciate it in all its parts. Site is a lady well educated, possessing much innate refinement, and has always moved in good society. Although she has never taught school she has been adjudged worthy of so doing. The lives of both Mr. and Mrs. Redfield have been more complete since their most happy union.
   The subject of our sketch has not at present taken a very prominent place in the political arena, although quite capable of so doing should he desire; being a comparatively young man with a bright future before him, there is yet opportunity for him in this direction. He has always been an ardent Republican, ever ready to do what lies in his power in support of its principles.

The REDFIELD article above was typed for NEGenWeb Project, by Ken Beckman <ken-and-laura@worldnet.att.net> Thank you, Ken.

EORGE W. SAPP came to Nebraska when a young man, in 1867, the year it was admitted into the Union as a State, and has practically "grown up with the country." He knows all about life in pioneer days, and endured his share of the difficulties incident to prosecuting agriculture in a new section of country. He now has a good homestead on section 12, Lincoln Precinct, which he built up from the uncultivated prairie and by untiring industry and perseverance has gained for himself a competency for his declining years.
   A native of Portage County, Ohio, our subject was born Dec. 21, 1840, and is the son of Isaac and Susan (Miller) Sapp, the father a native of Maryland, and the mother of Pennsylvania. Both were of German ancestry, and the mother's family especially of note and prominence. The parental household embraced five children, but two of whom are living, our subject and his brother Henry F., who is a resident of Nuckolls County, this State. The deceased children are Samuel, Joint and Loretta. The mother departed this life at their home in Johnson County, Neb., in 1879. The father survived until 1884, dying when about seventy-three years of age. He was born in 1809, and his estimable wife two years later, in 1811.
   The parents of our subject, when the latter was two years old, left Ohio and took up their abode in Noble County, Ind., where the father carried on farming, and where they lived until 1856. In that year they decided to push on still further Westward, and coming to the Territory of Nebraska, settled in Nemaha County when there were few indications of a white man's presence. They battled with the elements of a new soil in that region for a period of eleven years, then came to Lincoln Precinct, this county, where they were numbered among its most highly respected citizens. Both parents were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and adorned their profession by their Christian walk and conversation. The father usually held some church office, and in his neighborhood as well as the home circle, proved himself ever the considerate and capable man and citizen, whose memory is held in kindly remembrance by all who knew him. He was fairly successful in business, and was a member of the Republican party from the time of its organization.
   Our subject was reared to man's estate in Nemaha County, and remained a member of the parental household until his marriage, which took place Dec. 6, 1863, his bride being Miss Ellen M. Walters. Mrs. Sapp was born Sept. 28, 1847, in Sullivan County, Ill., and is the daughter of Abner and Abigail (Walters) Walters. Isaac M., the eldest son of our subject, was born Dec. 1, 1861; Charles W., Jan. 8, 1867, and Frank G., June 18, 1874.
   The farm of our subject includes eighty acres of fertile land under a good state of cultivation, and upon which he has resided since his marriage. He

is the architect of his own fortune, having begun life dependent upon his own resources, receiving very little assistance from his father. Like his parents, he and his excellent wife and three boys are members in good standing of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he has officiated as Steward, and in which Mrs. Sapp has sought to do good as opportunity presented.

YLER C. BAKER. The finely cultivated farm of 320 acres which embraces the northeast quarter of section 22, and the northwest quarter of section 23, in Sterling Precinct, bears the reputation of having undergone the most careful management, perhaps, of any tract in the county. In its management there have been exercised that wise judgment and forethought which have been the leading characteristics of the proprietor since the beginning of his manhood's career. A native of Franklin County, Mass., he was born Nov. 11, 1833, and lived there with his parents until reaching his majority. About that time the latter changed their residence to Berkshire County, and two years later, leaving New England, cast their lot among the people of the Great West.
   The parents of our subject, when bidding adieu to their old home and associations made their way to Jackson County, Wis., their residence there dating from the winter of 1858. Our subject secured employment at lumbering, working as a subordinate a period of four years, and was then raised to the position of foreman, a post which he held for a period of sixteen years, and which indicates in a marked manner the esteem and confidence in which he was held by his employers. Mr. Baker established matrimonial and domestic ties while a resident of the Badger State, being married at the home of the bride in the little town of Columbus, Aug. 12, 1866, to Miss Betsey Russell. Mrs. Baker is a native of England, and was born in August, 1843. Her parents were also of English birth and ancestry, and emigrated to the United States in 1846, when their daughter Betsey was a little child three years of age. They also sought the West in which to make settlement, locating in Wisconsin while it was still a Territory. Here the father, William Russell, operated as a tiller of the soil, and died at the homestead which he had labored to build up about 1858. The mother later went to live with her children in Iowa, where her death took place in 1880, after she had arrived at the age of seventy years. Mr. and Mrs. Baker began the journey of life together in Wisconsin, and in 1883 changed their residence to this county. Their union has been blessed by the birth of five children, namely: Sabria E., Florence M., Jesse M., Hugh P. and Allan. They are all living, and residents of Johnson County. Upon his arrival in this county Mr. Baker first secured 640 acres of land, and began in a manner suited to his means and requirements the labors which have resulted in his possession of one of the most valuable estates of his township. He was soon recognized as a citizen of more than ordinary worth, and has ever been the champion of truth and justice in whatever direction his attention has been turned. He votes independently, aiming to support the men whom he considers best qualified for office, and has steadily refrained from placing himself ostentatiously before the people. He is guiltless of the desire for office, but was pressed into public service as Assessor of his precinct in the spring of 1885. His culture of his land has been steady and persistent, and it yields in abundance the choicest crops of Southern Nebraska. He is thus in the enjoyment of a generous income, by which he is able to surround himself and his family with all of the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. The farm buildings are neat and substantial, and indicate on all sides the exercise of cultivated tastes and ample means. It is a homestead which invariably attracts the attention of the passerby, forming one of the most pleasing pictures of rural life presented to the eye.
   The parents of our subject, Horace and Mary A. (Curtis) Baker, were natives of the same comity as their son, and made the journey from the Bay State to the wilds of Wisconsin accompanied by their five children. Of the five who survive our subject was the third in order of birth. Horace Baker, after becoming a resident of Wisconsin., was employed in various ways, and died at Black River