Leading Facts of American History

NEGenWeb Project
Resource Center OLLibrary

lxxviii
LEADING FACTS OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Bragg, General (Confederate), 300, 301, 308

Canal, enlargement of the, 222 395

"Bread Basket of the World," 384

   the Panama, 22,390,391,395,403,405,409,410

Breadstuffs, export of, 367, 395

   See also the West

Bridge, St. Louis, 346.

Canals, other, 234

   Brooklyn Suspension, 350

Canonicus (kan-on'i-cus), Indian chief, 70

Bridges, new, at New York, 350

Canyon (kan'yun), Grand, of Arizona discovered,

Brooklyn, 278

  25, 31

Brown, John, life of, 267 (note)

Cape Breton (bret'on) Island, 15

   in Kansas, 267

Capital, corporations, "trusts," 356, 357

   raid in Virginia (1859), 273 (and note)

Capital, the national (1789-1900), 177

   execution of, 273

Carnegie (kar-neg'i), Andrew, 389 (note)

   denounced by the Republicans, 274

   Institute, Pittsburg, 388, 389 (note)

   song, the, 273. See also Songs

Carolina, settled, 97, 98

Bryan, William J., 366 (note)

   constitution of, 9

Bryant, W. C., 237

   divided into North and South, 99

Buchanan (buk-an'an), James, life of, 268 (note)

   rice, indigo, and cotton in, 99-100

   presidency of, 268

   the Huguenots in, 98

   is attitude toward secession, 277

Carolina, nullification in South, 231, 232

Buckner, General (Confederate), 294

   secession of South, 274, 276

Buell, General (Union), 294

   negro, rule in South, 332

Buffalo, hunted by Spaniards, 25

Carpenters' Hall, the, Philadelphia, 141

Buildings, notable, in New York City, 369, 369

"Carpetbaggers," 332

   notable, in Washington, 368

Carteret (kar'te-ret), 65

Bull Run, battle of, 287. See also Battles

Cartier's (karty-a') explorations (1535), 22

Bunker Hill, battle of, 145. See also Battles

Carver, Governor, 69, 70

   monument, 218 (and note)

Catholics, had no religious liberty in England,

Burgesses, house of, in Virginia, 52

  66, 99 (note)

Burgoyne (bur-goin'), General (British), 144

   early missions in the West, 109

   is expedition (1777), 157-159

   early Catholic explorers in the West, 109-113

   surrender of, 159

   emigrate to Maryland (1634), 89

Burke, Edmund, 136

   first Catholic church in the United States

Burnside, General (Union), 300

     (1634), 89

Burr, Aaron, killed Hamilton in a duel (1804), 197

   grant religious liberty to all Christians, 90

   tried for treason (1907), 96

   are deprived of their rights, 91

Business corporations and "trusts," 356

   regain their rights, 91

Business panics, 239. See also Panics

   not tolerated in Massachrisets, 72, 73, 81

Butler, General (Union), 284

   enjoy freedom of worship in Rhode Island, 95

   and the "contrabands," 284

   of allowed to vote in Rhode Island, 95

   at New Orleans, 295

   not tolerated in Georgia, 107

   not many in the colonies in 1763, 125 (and

Cabinet, first presidential (1789), 179

     note)

   Lincoln's 281 (note)

Cattle and sheep ranches, 339, 340

   number of in members now, 358 (note)

Cavaliers (kav-a-leerz') in Virginia, 55

   and Presidential Succession Act, 358

Census, the first (1790), 179

Cables, telegraph, 247, 334, 393. See also Tele-

   and ratio of representation, 180

  graph

   movement of population westward (1790

Cabot discovers the continent of America (1497),

     1910), 180

  15-16

   of 1860, 285 (note)

Calhoun (kal-hoon'), life of, 231 (note)

   the Centennial (1890), 361

   denounces high protective tariff, 231

   of 1900, 391; of 1910, 403; of 1920, 432

   demands free trade, 231

   reports (1790-1910). See Appendix, and 403

   declares slavery a "positive good," 231 (note),

Cervera (cer-ve'ra), Admiral, 376, 1177, 378

     259

Chambersburg burned (Civil War), 3 14

   advocates nullification, 232

Champlain, French explorer, 47, 59

   defends secession, 232

Channing, Dr., and slavery, 228-229

   Webster's tribute to, 231 (note)

Charitable and educational gifts, 353 (note), 388,389

   death of, 262

Charleston settled (1670), 98, 100

California, conquest of (Mexican War), 254

   in the Civil War, 281, .324, 325

   annexed to United States, 255

Charter defined, 20 (note)

   gold found in (1848), 256-258

"Charter Oak," Connecticut, 88

   emigration to, 256-257

Charters, colonial, 44, 50, 54, 72, 80, 81, 87,99,95,

   Vigilance Committee of, 257

  103, 132

   and question of slavery, 258-261

Chase, S. P. (Civil War), 326

   pony express to, 336

Chatham (chat'ham), Lord (William Pitt), 121,

   stagecoach to, 336

  136, 138

   railway to, 336-338

Cherry Valley massacre (Revolution), 163

   agricultural products of, 258

Chicago in very early times, 117

   great earthquake in (1906), 399

   growth of, 237, 278

Calvert, Lord Baltimore, 89, 91

China, our policy in, 389

Canada settled (1608), 47

Chinese immigration, 243

Canal, the Erie, finished (1825), 219-221

Christian Commission (Civil War), 326

   effects of the, 221-222

Church of England, in Virginia, 44, 48

   made transportation cheap, 221

   of England in Maryland, 92

INDEX
lxxix

Church of the Dutch in New Netherland, 62

Colonies, England taxes the, 135-139

   the Puritan, in Massachusetts, 73

   England's liberal political policy toward her,

   the Puritan, in Connecticut, 86

     44, 50, 52, 63, 126

   first Baptist, in United States, 94

   England's treatment of the, 44, 50, 52, 55,

   first Catholic, in the United States, 89

     56, 125, 126, 135, 161

   attendance at, compelled, 48, 74

   fisheries ,71, 73, 82, 125

   freedom of worship granted, 95

   flag of the, 72, 126, 180 (note)

   See also Religious Liberty

   Franklin's plan of union (1754), 119

Cincinnati, founded (1790), 183

   fur trade of, 59, 71, 82, 125

   in 1861, 278

   government of, 44, 47, 50, 52, 54, 55, 57,

Cities, colonial, 125

     58, 61, 66, 69, 73, 85, 90, 91, 95, 99, 103, 126

   rapid growth of modern, 237, 278, 279, 339,

   hospitality, 129

     369

   independent character of the people, 126, 127

   population of, 368, 369, 370

   Independent, people declare themselves

   government of, 341, 370

    (1776), 150

    "rings" in, 341

   Indians'and the, 37-38

   notable buildings in, 368, 369

   jury, trial by, 126

   improvement of, 395, 396, 399

   language of the, 125

   See also Boston, New York, Philadelphia

   law, 44, 50, 52, 86, 126, 130

City, the oldest, in the United States (1565), 26

   law, the common, in the, 126

Civil Rights Act (1866), 331 (note). See also Laws

   laws, severe, in the, 47, 48, 70, 78, 86, 130

Civil service, what it is, 349

   legislative assembly, first (1619), 50

   number employed in the, 349 (note)

   life in the, 73, 127-130

   reform of the, 349

   literature, 131

Civil War, the. See Battles and Wars

   mails and postage, 129

Clark, G. R., in the West (Revolution), 163

   manufactures, 125

Clay, Henry, life of, 213 (note)

   manufactures, restrictions on, 125

   the "great compromiser," 234

   New England Confederation (1643), 76

   his compromises, 213, 234, 259, 260

   occupations of the people, 48, 73, 128

   and the National Road, 216

   population, 124

   leader of the Whigs, 238

   printing, 76

   advocates protective tariff, 231

   punishment of crime, 47, 48, 70, 86 (note), 104,

   his compromise tariff, 234

     130

Clayborne and Ingle rebellion (colonial period), 90

   religion of the, 44, 74, 90, 95, 104, 125. See

Cleveland, Grover, life of, 354 (note)

      also Catholics, Baptists, Huguenots, Pil

   first presidency of, 353

      grims, Puritans, Quakers

   second presidency of, 363

   religious liberty in, 72, 74, 75. See also Re-

Clinton, Governor De Witt, 220, 221

     ligious Liberty

Clinton, British general, 144, 153, 162 (note), 168

   revolution, 135-141. See also Revolution

Clipper ships, American, 243

   shipbuilding in the, 73, 125

Coal, discovery and use of hard (1790), 236 (and

   slavery in the, 52, 124

  note)

   smuggling in the, 126

Coal Oil, 271, 272, 357. See also Petroleum

   suffrage in the, 50, 54, 62, 70, 73, 81, 86, 91,

Coal strike (19.2), 392, 393

     95, 97, 99, 103, 114, 107, 126

Cod fishery, 47, 71, 73, 82, 125

   taxation of, resisted, 136, 137

Coinage of money, 180. See also Dollar, Money,

   trade, 73, 125. See also Commerce

  and Silver

   travel, very limited, 129

College, Harvard, founded (1636), 75-76

   union of the, 76, 119

Colleges, the three oldest, 75

   union of the, dreaded by England, 120

   agricultural, 385

   unity of the people generally, 126

   See also Education, Gifts, and Universities

   vote, right to, 50, 54, 62, 70, 73, 81, 86, 91, 95,

Colonies, Dutch, 59, 84, 97

      97, 99, 103, 104, 107, 126

   English, 28-30, 41, 64, 65, 69, 72, 81, 84, 89,

   wars of the, with the French, Indians, and

      93, 97, 101, 106

     Spaniards, 38, 56, 57, 79, 85, 108, 114-124

   French, 25, 26, 47, 113

   See also the Names of the Colonies

   Spanish, 22, 26

Columbia River discovered (1792), 195

   Swedish, 96

Columbus, birth, voyages, and death, 1-15

Colonies, agriculture in, 48, 127

   discovers America (1492), 10, 12

   books, 76, 131

   wherein his work was great, 14-15

   bounties to encourage production, 126

   celebration of his discovery (1892-1893), 363

   charters of, 20 (note), 44, 50, 72, 80, 81, 87,

Commerce, colonial, 73, 125, 126, 134, 135

      89, 95, 103, 132

   restrictions on, 55, 56, 125, 134, 135

   cities of the, 125

   of United States, 338, 367, 389, 391

   commerce of the, 73, 125, 126, 135

   effect of the embargo on (1807), 196

   commerce, restrictions on, 56, 80, 125, 134, 135

   effect of Non-Intercourse Act on (1809), 196

   compact, Pilgrim, 69

   reopened temporarily (1809), 199

   constitution, first American (1639), 85

   effect of War of 1812 on, 208

   constitution of the Carolinas, 99

   Department of Commerce, 355 (and note)

   constitution of Pennsylvania, 103-104

   Interstate Commerce Act, 358, 400

   constitution of Georgia, 107

   recent, 367

   dress, styles of, 128

   See also Exports, Smuggling, and Trade

   education in the, 75, 104, 130

Committees of Correspondence Revolution), 140

   electricity, Franklin's experiments, 131

"Common Sense," Paine's (Revolution), 150

lxxx
LEADING FACTS OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Compact, the Pilgrim (1620), 69

Convention, the Albany (1754), 119

Compromise (kom'pro-mize) defined, 213

   the constitutional (1787), 173

   the Missouri (1820), 213

   the Hartford (1814), 208

   Clay's tariff (1833), 234

   of secession (1860), 274

   measures (1850), 259-260

   for preservation of natural resources (1908),

Compromises of the Constitution, 173

     397

Confederacy, the Southern (1861), 276

Convicts sent to America (colonial period), 54

   had slavery for its corner stone, 277 (note)

Cooper, novelist, 237

Confederate army, 283, 285, 286, 289, 298, 308, 325,

Corn, discovered in America, 39

  327

   great crop of, 385

   navy or war ships, 289

Cornwallis, British general, 153-57, 164-68

   capital, 276, 284

Coronado's (ko-ro-nah'do) expedition (1540), 24

Confederation, the New England (1643), 76

  25

   of the United States (1781), 170

Corporations and "trusts," 356-357

   what it accomplished, 170, 172

   government supervision of, 357

   proved inadequate, 1711, 173

   See also under Laws, Interstate Commerce

   superseded by the present Constitution, 173

     Act, Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food Act,

   why inferior to the Constitution, 175

     and Railway Rate Act

Conference or Meeting in Washington (1921), 435

Correspondence, Committees of (Revolution), 140

Congress, the Albany (1754), 119

Cortez in Mexico (1519), 22

   the Stamp Act (1765), 137

Cotton, exported (1784), 184, 351

   first Continental (1774), 141

   manufacture of (1790), 184

   second Continental (1775), 144

   effect of War of 1812 on manufactures, 208

   of the Confederation (1787), 170, 171

   first complete cotton mill (1814), 185

   first under the Constitution (1789), 179

   exhibition of, at New Orleans (1884), 351

Congressional Library, 368

   "Cotton is king," 351

Connecticut settled (1635), 84

   value of crop now, 48 (note)

   Pequot war in, 85

   increased production of, 351, 352, 385

   constitution of (1639), 85

Cotton gin invented (1793), results, 184, 185, 212

   extent of, under its charter, 87

   effect of cotton gin on slavery, 185, 212

   Andros and the charter, 87

   effect on cotton manufacture, 185, 212

Constitution, necessity of a, 85 (note)

   effect on export of cotton, 185

   of Connecticut (first American, 1639), 85

Cotton-seed oil, 352 (and note)

   the "Grand Model" of Carolinas, 99

Council for New England (colonial period), 72

   of Pennsylvania, 103-104

  (note)

   of Georgia, 107

   Coxey "Industrial Army" (1894), 364

Constitution of the United States, first (1781), 170.

   "Cradle of Liberty" (Revolution), 137

  See also Confederation

   Crops, great, 384, 395

   necessity of framing a new, 171, 173

Cruise of our battle ships (1907), 400, 401

   convention, drafts the new (1787), 171, 173

Crystal Palace (1853), 263

   compromises of the new, 173

Cuba conquered by Spaniards (1509), 20

   Federalists and Anti-Federalists and the, 174,

   United States tries to buy (1845), 372

     177

   and "Ostend Manifesto" (1854), 372

   Madison's work on the, 199 (note)

   expeditions against, 372

   Hamilton labors for its adoption, 175

   revolutions in, 373

   opening lines of the, 174

   President Cleveland on, 373

   how it differed from the Articles of Confed-

   starvation in, 373

     eration, 175

   destruction of the Maine (1898), 373

   the new, adopted (1787), 173-175

   President McKinley on, 374

   what it accomplished, 175

   United States declares it independent, 374

   first ten amendments to the (1789-1791), 176

   United States declares war against Spain, on

   Eleventh Amendment (1798), 176 (note)

     behalf of (1898), 376

   Twelfth Amendment (1804), 176 (note)

   Spanish forces leave, 381

   Thirteenth Amendment (1865), 301, 330

   becomes a dependency of the United States,

   Fourteenth Amendment (1868), 331 (and note)

     382

   Fifteenth Amendment (1870), 333

   conditional independence of, 333

   what the last three amendments did, 333

   insurrection in (1906), 383

   the Fifteenth Amendment now inoperative,

   Secretary Taft provisional governor of, 383

     333,371; Sixteenth, 405; Seventeenth, 405

   government restored to the Cubans, 383

     Eighteenth, 225; Nineteenth, 360

   present condition of, 383

   the, with Introduction and Notes.See Ap-

Cumberland or National Road (1811-1836), 215.

     pendix

   See also Roads

Constitution, the, denounced by Garrison, 228

Custer, General, killed, 344

  (note)

Czar (zar), 217

Constitution and Guerriére, 202. See also Battles

Czolgosz (chol'gosh), 391 (note)

Constitutional Convention (1787), 173

Constitutions, state, revised (1891-1907), 371

Dale, governor of Virginia (colonial period), 47

   initiative and referendum in, 371 (and note)

Dalton (dawl'tun), Georgia, 3-9

   See also Negroes and Reconstruction

Dam, Virginia, 30

Contraband of war, 284 (note)

Davenport, Rev. John (colonial period), Mills

"Contrabands" in the Civil War, 284

Davis, Captain John (colonial period), 27

Controversies, international, settled peacefully,

Davis, Jefferson, life oil, 276 (note)

  246, 252, 344, 364, 365, 366, 389

   in Congress, 276 (note)

INDEX
lxxxi

Davis, Jefferson, and slavery, 262

"Dixie," Confederate song, 334 (and note)

   president of the Confederate States, 276

Dollar, first coined (1792), 180

   capture of, 324-325

   dropped from coins (1873), 342

Debt of the Revolutionary War, 179

   "dollar of our fathers" demanded, 347

   payment of the, 179

   restored (1878), 347

Debt of the Civil War, 325 (note), 335

   fall in value of silver, 347, 361

   partial payment of the, 335

   great coinage of silver, 347 (and note), 360, 361

   reduction of interest on, 348

   coinage of silver, checked (1893), 364

   present debt of United States, 416 (and note)

   See also Coinage, Banks, Mint, Money,

Debts, state (1783-1787), 171

     Silver

   in 1837, 240

Dorchester Heights (Revolution), 148

Decatur (de-ka'tur), Commodore, 193

Dorr rebellion (1842), 246

Declaration of Independence (1776), 150-152. See

"Doughfaces," 214 (note)

  also the Declaration with an Introduction and

Douglas, Stephen A., 265 (and note), 266

  Notes in Appendix

Draft riots (Civil War), 308

Declaration of Rights (1765), 137

Drafting at the South (Civil War), 308

Declaration of Rights (1774), 41

Drainage of swamp lands, 397

Declaratory Act (1766), 138. See also Laws of

Drake, Sir Francis, voyage of (1577-1581)), 27

  Parliament

Drake, E. L., sinks first oil well (1859), 271

Deerfield burned (colonial period), 115

Dred Scott, case (1857), 268-269

De Gourgues' (deh goorg') revenge, 26

Dress in colonial period, .28

De Kalb, General (Revolution), 157, 165

Drink, strong, and the Indians, 59

Delaware, Lord, 47

Drinking habits of early times, 59, 73, 224, See

Delaware, settled by Swedes (1638), 96

  also Prohibition and Temperance

   seized by the Dutch, 97

Duquesne (du-kane'), Fort, 119, 121

   seized by the English, 97

Dustin, Mrs., and the Indians, 115

   granted to William Penn, 97, 102

Dutch, in New Netherland or New York (1613),

   first state to enter the Union, 97

  59, 60

De Leon (da-la-on') discovers Florida (1513), 20

   claim New Jersey, 64

Democratic-Republicans (1792), 182, 191

   try to get Connecticut, 76

Democrats, rise of the Party (1792), 182

   seize the Delaware country, 97

   at first called "Republicans," 180, 182

   are driven out by the English, 97

   then called "Democratic-Republicans," 182

   are forced to give up New Netherland (1664),

   compared with the Federalists, 182

     64

   Thomas Jefferson, leader of the, 191 (note)

   they upheld state rights, 182

Eads' (eeds), Captain, work on the Mississippi,

   opposed United States Bank, Is-,

  346

   Jefferson, first Democratic President, 191

Early's raid (Civil War), 312

   principle of, in 1840, 245 (note)

Earth, early ideas about the 1

   elect all Presidents (1804-1860) except Harri-

   countries known in time of Columbus, 1

   son and Taylor, 244, 258

Earthquake at Charleston (1886), 399

   advocated free trade or revenue tariff, 219

   at San Francisco (1906), 399

     (note), 231 (note), 245 (note)

Edison, inventor, 344 (note)

   advocated an independent treasury, 245 (note)

Education (colonial period), 54 (and note), 75,

   left the slavery question to the states, 245, 265

  104, 130

   believed internal improvements should be

   in the West, 172, 385

   made by the states, 219 (note), 245 (note)

   in the South, 353 (and note)

   elected Cleveland President in 1884 and 1892,

   gifts to promote, 389 (and note)

     353, 363

   of the negro, 353 (and note)

   elected Wilson President in 1912 and 1916,

   of women, 360

      407, 412

   free in America, 400

   the Free-Silver Democrats, 316 (note), 366

   See also Colleges, Schools, and Universities

      (note); the Gold Democrats, 366 (note)

Edwards, Rev. Jonathan (colonial period), 131

Denver, Colorado, 279, 339

Election, of President Jefferson by Congress, 191

Department of Agriculture (1889), 355

  (note)

   of Commerce and Labor (1903), 355

   presidential (1800), 191 (note)

   of Labor (1913), 355

   change in method of presidential (1804), 176

"Department stores," 357.

     (note)

"Desert, the Great American," 384 (and note)

   the disputed (Hayes vs. Tilden, 1876), 345, 358

De Soto's (de so'to) expedition (1539), 23, 110

   Australian or secret ballot introduced (1889),

   discovers the Mississippi (1541), 23-24

     363

   is buried in it, 24

Electoral Commission (1876), 345

Detroit, 117, 201, 202, 205, 278

   Count Act (1887), 358. See also Laws

Dewey, Admiral, 376, 378, 381

Electric Age," the, 344 [and Telephone

Diaz (de'az), voyage of, 6

Electric railways, 344, 402. See also Telegraph

Dictionary, Webster's, 238 (and note)

Electricity, Franklin's discoveries (colonial Pe-

Dinwiddie, Governor, 117

  riod), 131

Disasters, great, 341, 399

   wonderful development of, 343-344, 393

Discoveries, scientific, 362 (note)

   present uses of, 132, 247, 248, 263, 264, 342

Disputes, international, settled peaceably 246, 252,

      344, 393

  344, 364, 365, 366, 389, 198. See also Boundaries

Eliot, Rev. John (colonial period), 76, 79

Disunion, 228 232. See also Garrison, Lincoln,

Emancipation of negroes, Garrison demands, 288

  Nullification, Secession, Slavery, Union, Wars

   South feared it, 259, 274

Bragg, General (Confederate), 300, 301, 308	Canal, enlargement of the, 222 395
"Bread Basket of the World," 384	the Panama, 22,390,391,395,403,405,409,410
Breadstuffs, export of, 367, 395	See also the West
Bridge, St. Louis, 346.	Canals, other, 234
Brooklyn Suspension, 350	Canonicus (kan-on'i-cus), Indian chief, 70
Bridges, new, at New York, 350	Canyon (kan'yun), Grand, of Arizona discovered,
Brooklyn, 278	25, 31
Brown, John, life of, 267 (note)	Cape Breton (bret'on) Island, 15
in Kansas, 267	Capital, corporations, "trusts," 356, 357
raid in Virginia (1859), 273 (and note)	Capital, the national (1789-1900), 177
execution of, 273	Carnegie (kar-neg'i), Andrew, 389 (note)
denounced by the Republicans, 274	Institute, Pittsburg, 388, 389 (note)
song, the, 273. See also Songs	Carolina, settled, 97, 98
Bryan, William J., 366 (note)	constitution of, 9
Bryant, W. C., 237	divided into North and South, 99
Buchanan (buk-an'an), James, life of, 268 (note)	rice, indigo, and cotton in, 99-100
presidency of, 268	the Huguenots in, 98
is attitude toward secession, 277	Carolina, nullification in South, 231, 232
Buckner, General (Confederate), 294	secession of South, 274, 276
Buell, General (Union), 294	negro, rule in South, 332
Buffalo, hunted by Spaniards, 25	Carpenters' Hall, the, Philadelphia, 141
Buildings, notable, in New York City, 369, 369	"Carpetbaggers," 332
notable, in Washington, 368	Carteret (kar'te-ret), 65
Bull Run, battle of, 287. See also Battles	Cartier's (karty-a') explorations (1535), 22
Bunker Hill, battle of, 145. See also Battles	Carver, Governor, 69, 70
monument, 218 (and note)	Catholics, had no religious liberty in England,
Burgesses, house of, in Virginia, 52	66, 99 (note)
Burgoyne (bur-goin'), General (British), 144	early missions in the West, 109
is expedition (1777), 157-159	early Catholic explorers in the West, 109-113
surrender of, 159	emigrate to Maryland (1634), 89
Burke, Edmund, 136	first Catholic church in the United States
Burnside, General (Union), 300	(1634), 89
Burr, Aaron, killed Hamilton in a duel (1804), 197	grant religious liberty to all Christians, 90
tried for treason (1907), 96	are deprived of their rights, 91
Business corporations and "trusts," 356	regain their rights, 91
Business panics, 239. See also Panics	not tolerated in Massachrisets, 72, 73, 81
Butler, General (Union), 284	enjoy freedom of worship in Rhode Island, 95
and the "contrabands," 284	of allowed to vote in Rhode Island, 95
at New Orleans, 295	not tolerated in Georgia, 107
	not many in the colonies in 1763, 125 (and
Cabinet, first presidential (1789), 179	note)
Lincoln's 281 (note)	Cattle and sheep ranches, 339, 340
number of in members now, 358 (note)	Cavaliers (kav-a-leerz') in Virginia, 55
and Presidential Succession Act, 358	Census, the first (1790), 179
Cables, telegraph, 247, 334, 393. See also Tele-	and ratio of representation, 180
graph	movement of population westward (1790
Cabot discovers the continent of America (1497),	1910), 180
15-16	of 1860, 285 (note)
Calhoun (kal-hoon'), life of, 231 (note)	the Centennial (1890), 361
denounces high protective tariff, 231	of 1900, 391; of 1910, 403; of 1920, 432

demands free trade, 231	reports (1790-1910). See Appendix, and 403
declares slavery a "positive good," 231 (note),	Cervera (cer-ve'ra), Admiral, 376, 1177, 378
259	Chambersburg burned (Civil War), 3 14
advocates nullification, 232	Champlain, French explorer, 47, 59
defends secession, 232	Channing, Dr., and slavery, 228-229
Webster's tribute to, 231 (note)	Charitable and educational gifts, 353 (note), 388,389
death of, 262	Charleston settled (1670), 98, 100
California, conquest of (Mexican War), 254	in the Civil War, 281, .324, 325
annexed to United States, 255	Charter defined, 20 (note)
gold found in (1848), 256-258	"Charter Oak," Connecticut, 88
emigration to, 256-257	Charters, colonial, 44, 50, 54, 72, 80, 81, 87,99,95,
Vigilance Committee of, 257	103, 132
and question of slavery, 258-261	Chase, S. P. (Civil War), 326
pony express to, 336	Chatham (chat'ham), Lord (William Pitt), 121,
stagecoach to, 336	136, 138
railway to, 336-338	Cherry Valley massacre (Revolution), 163
agricultural products of, 258	Chicago in very early times, 117
great earthquake in (1906), 399	growth of, 237, 278
Calvert, Lord Baltimore, 89, 91	China, our policy in, 389
Canada settled (1608), 47	Chinese immigration, 243
Canal, the Erie, finished (1825), 219-221	Christian Commission (Civil War), 326
effects of the, 221-222	Church of England, in Virginia, 44, 48
made transportation cheap, 221	of England in Maryland, 92

Church of the Dutch in New Netherland, 62	Colonies, England taxes the, 135-139
the Puritan, in Massachusetts, 73	England's liberal political policy toward her,
the Puritan, in Connecticut, 86	44, 50, 52, 63, 126
first Baptist, in United States, 94	England's treatment of the, 44, 50, 52, 55,
first Catholic, in the United States, 89	56, 125, 126, 135, 161
attendance at, compelled, 48, 74	fisheries ,71, 73, 82, 125
freedom of worship granted, 95	flag of the, 72, 126, 180 (note)
See also Religious Liberty	Franklin's plan of union (1754), 119
Cincinnati, founded (1790), 183	fur trade of, 59, 71, 82, 125
in 1861, 278	government of, 44, 47, 50, 52, 54, 55, 57,
Cities, colonial, 125	58, 61, 66, 69, 73, 85, 90, 91, 95, 99, 103, 126
rapid growth of modern, 237, 278, 279, 339,	hospitality, 129
369	independent character of the people, 126, 127
population of, 368, 369, 370	Independent, people declare themselves
government of, 341, 370	(1776), 150
"rings" in, 341	Indians'and the, 37-38
notable buildings in, 368, 369	jury, trial by, 126
improvement of, 395, 396, 399	language of the, 125
See also Boston, New York, Philadelphia	law, 44, 50, 52, 86, 126, 130
City, the oldest, in the United States (1565), 26	law, the common, in the, 126
Civil Rights Act (1866), 331 (note). See also Laws	laws, severe, in the, 47, 48, 70, 78, 86, 130
Civil service, what it is, 349	legislative assembly, first (1619), 50
number employed in the, 349 (note)	life in the, 73, 127-130
reform of the, 349	literature, 131
Civil War, the. See Battles and Wars	mails and postage, 129
Clark, G. R., in the West (Revolution), 163	manufactures, 125
Clay, Henry, life of, 213 (note)	manufactures, restrictions on, 125
the "great compromiser," 234	New England Confederation (1643), 76
his compromises, 213, 234, 259, 260	occupations of the people, 48, 73, 128
and the National Road, 216	population, 124
leader of the Whigs, 238	printing, 76
advocates protective tariff, 231	punishment of crime, 47, 48, 70, 86 (note), 104,
his compromise tariff, 234	130
Clayborne and Ingle rebellion (colonial period), 90	religion of the, 44, 74, 90, 95, 104, 125. See
Cleveland, Grover, life of, 354 (note)	also Catholics, Baptists, Huguenots, Pil
first presidency of, 353	grims, Puritans, Quakers
second presidency of, 363	religious liberty in, 72, 74, 75. See also Re-
Clinton, Governor De Witt, 220, 221	ligious Liberty
Clinton, British general, 144, 153, 162 (note), 168	revolution, 135-141. See also Revolution
Clipper ships, American, 243	shipbuilding in the, 73, 125
Coal, discovery and use of hard (1790), 236 (and	slavery in the, 52, 124
note)	smuggling in the, 126
Coal Oil, 271, 272, 357. See also Petroleum	suffrage in the, 50, 54, 62, 70, 73, 81, 86, 91,
Coal strike (19.2), 392, 393	95, 97, 99, 103, 114, 107, 126
Cod fishery, 47, 71, 73, 82, 125	taxation of, resisted, 136, 137
Coinage of money, 180. See also Dollar, Money,	trade, 73, 125. See also Commerce
and Silver	travel, very limited, 129
College, Harvard, founded (1636), 75-76	union of the, 76, 119
Colleges, the three oldest, 75	union of the, dreaded by England, 120
agricultural, 385	unity of the people generally, 126

See also Education, Gifts, and Universities	vote, right to, 50, 54, 62, 70, 73, 81, 86, 91, 95,
Colonies, Dutch, 59, 84, 97	97, 99, 103, 104, 107, 126
English, 28-30, 41, 64, 65, 69, 72, 81, 84, 89,	wars of the, with the French, Indians, and
93, 97, 101, 106	Spaniards, 38, 56, 57, 79, 85, 108, 114-124
French, 25, 26, 47, 113	See also the Names of the Colonies
Spanish, 22, 26	Columbia River discovered (1792), 195
Swedish, 96	Columbus, birth, voyages, and death, 1-15
Colonies, agriculture in, 48, 127	discovers America (1492), 10, 12
books, 76, 131	wherein his work was great, 14-15
bounties to encourage production, 126	celebration of his discovery (1892-1893), 363
charters of, 20 (note), 44, 50, 72, 80, 81, 87,	Commerce, colonial, 73, 125, 126, 134, 135
89, 95, 103, 132	restrictions on, 55, 56, 125, 134, 135
cities of the, 125	of United States, 338, 367, 389, 391
commerce of the, 73, 125, 126, 135	effect of the embargo on (1807), 196
commerce, restrictions on, 56, 80, 125, 134, 135	effect of Non-Intercourse Act on (1809), 196
compact, Pilgrim, 69	reopened temporarily (1809), 199
constitution, first American (1639), 85	effect of War of 1812 on, 208
constitution of the Carolinas, 99	Department of Commerce, 355 (and note)
constitution of Pennsylvania, 103-104	Interstate Commerce Act, 358, 400
constitution of Georgia, 107	recent, 367
dress, styles of, 128	See also Exports, Smuggling, and Trade
education in the, 75, 104, 130	Committees of Correspondence Revolution), 140
electricity, Franklin's experiments, 131	"Common Sense," Paine's (Revolution), 150

Compact, the Pilgrim (1620), 69	Convention, the Albany (1754), 119
Compromise (kom'pro-mize) defined, 213	the constitutional (1787), 173
the Missouri (1820), 213	the Hartford (1814), 208
Clay's tariff (1833), 234	of secession (1860), 274
measures (1850), 259-260	for preservation of natural resources (1908),
Compromises of the Constitution, 173	397
Confederacy, the Southern (1861), 276	Convicts sent to America (colonial period), 54
had slavery for its corner stone, 277 (note)	Cooper, novelist, 237
Confederate army, 283, 285, 286, 289, 298, 308, 325,	Corn, discovered in America, 39
327	great crop of, 385
navy or war ships, 289	Cornwallis, British general, 153-57, 164-68
capital, 276, 284	Coronado's (ko-ro-nah'do) expedition (1540), 24
Confederation, the New England (1643), 76	25
of the United States (1781), 170	Corporations and "trusts," 356-357
what it accomplished, 170, 172	government supervision of, 357
proved inadequate, 1711, 173	See also under Laws, Interstate Commerce
superseded by the present Constitution, 173	Act, Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food Act,
why inferior to the Constitution, 175	and Railway Rate Act
Conference or Meeting in Washington (1921), 435	Correspondence, Committees of (Revolution), 140
Congress, the Albany (1754), 119	Cortez in Mexico (1519), 22
the Stamp Act (1765), 137	Cotton, exported (1784), 184, 351
first Continental (1774), 141	manufacture of (1790), 184
second Continental (1775), 144	effect of War of 1812 on manufactures, 208
of the Confederation (1787), 170, 171	first complete cotton mill (1814), 185
first under the Constitution (1789), 179	exhibition of, at New Orleans (1884), 351
Congressional Library, 368	"Cotton is king," 351
Connecticut settled (1635), 84	value of crop now, 48 (note)
Pequot war in, 85	increased production of, 351, 352, 385
constitution of (1639), 85	Cotton gin invented (1793), results, 184, 185, 212
extent of, under its charter, 87	effect of cotton gin on slavery, 185, 212
Andros and the charter, 87	effect on cotton manufacture, 185, 212
Constitution, necessity of a, 85 (note)	effect on export of cotton, 185
of Connecticut (first American, 1639), 85	Cotton-seed oil, 352 (and note)
the "Grand Model" of Carolinas, 99	Council for New England (colonial period), 72
of Pennsylvania, 103-104	(note)
of Georgia, 107	Coxey "Industrial Army" (1894), 364
Constitution of the United States, first (1781), 170.	"Cradle of Liberty" (Revolution), 137
See also Confederation	Crops, great, 384, 395
necessity of framing a new, 171, 173	Cruise of our battle ships (1907), 400, 401
convention, drafts the new (1787), 171, 173	Crystal Palace (1853), 263
compromises of the new, 173	Cuba conquered by Spaniards (1509), 20
Federalists and Anti-Federalists and the, 174,	United States tries to buy (1845), 372
177	and "Ostend Manifesto" (1854), 372
Madison's work on the, 199 (note)	expeditions against, 372
Hamilton labors for its adoption, 175	revolutions in, 373
opening lines of the, 174	President Cleveland on, 373
how it differed from the Articles of Confed-	starvation in, 373
eration, 175	destruction of the Maine (1898), 373
the new, adopted (1787), 173-175	President McKinley on, 374
what it accomplished, 175	United States declares it independent, 374

first ten amendments to the (1789-1791), 176	United States declares war against Spain, on
Eleventh Amendment (1798), 176 (note)	behalf of (1898), 376
Twelfth Amendment (1804), 176 (note)	Spanish forces leave, 381
Thirteenth Amendment (1865), 301, 330	becomes a dependency of the United States,
Fourteenth Amendment (1868), 331 (and note)	382
Fifteenth Amendment (1870), 333	conditional independence of, 333
what the last three amendments did, 333	insurrection in (1906), 383
the Fifteenth Amendment now inoperative,	Secretary Taft provisional governor of, 383
333,371; Sixteenth, 405; Seventeenth, 405	government restored to the Cubans, 383
Eighteenth, 225; Nineteenth, 360	present condition of, 383
the, with Introduction and Notes.See Ap-	Cumberland or National Road (1811-1836), 215.
pendix	See also Roads
Constitution, the, denounced by Garrison, 228	Custer, General, killed, 344
(note)	Czar (zar), 217
Constitution and Guerriére, 202. See also Battles	Czolgosz (chol'gosh), 391 (note)
Constitutional Convention (1787), 173
Constitutions, state, revised (1891-1907), 371	Dale, governor of Virginia (colonial period), 47
initiative and referendum in, 371 (and note)	Dalton (dawl'tun), Georgia, 3-9
See also Negroes and Reconstruction	Dam, Virginia, 30
Contraband of war, 284 (note)	Davenport, Rev. John (colonial period), Mills
"Contrabands" in the Civil War, 284	Davis, Captain John (colonial period), 27
Controversies, international, settled peacefully,	Davis, Jefferson, life oil, 276 (note)
246, 252, 344, 364, 365, 366, 389	in Congress, 276 (note)

Davis, Jefferson, and slavery, 262	"Dixie," Confederate song, 334 (and note)
president of the Confederate States, 276	Dollar, first coined (1792), 180
capture of, 324-325	dropped from coins (1873), 342
Debt of the Revolutionary War, 179	"dollar of our fathers" demanded, 347
payment of the, 179	restored (1878), 347
Debt of the Civil War, 325 (note), 335	fall in value of silver, 347, 361
partial payment of the, 335	great coinage of silver, 347 (and note), 360, 361
reduction of interest on, 348	coinage of silver, checked (1893), 364
present debt of United States, 416 (and note)	See also Coinage, Banks, Mint, Money,
Debts, state (1783-1787), 171	Silver
in 1837, 240	Dorchester Heights (Revolution), 148
Decatur (de-ka'tur), Commodore, 193	Dorr rebellion (1842), 246
Declaration of Independence (1776), 150-152. See	"Doughfaces," 214 (note)
also the Declaration with an Introduction and	Douglas, Stephen A., 265 (and note), 266
Notes in Appendix	Draft riots (Civil War), 308
Declaration of Rights (1765), 137	Drafting at the South (Civil War), 308
Declaration of Rights (1774), 41	Drainage of swamp lands, 397
Declaratory Act (1766), 138. See also Laws of	Drake, Sir Francis, voyage of (1577-1581)), 27
Parliament	Drake, E. L., sinks first oil well (1859), 271
Deerfield burned (colonial period), 115	Dred Scott, case (1857), 268-269
De Gourgues' (deh goorg') revenge, 26	Dress in colonial period, .28
De Kalb, General (Revolution), 157, 165	Drink, strong, and the Indians, 59
Delaware, Lord, 47	Drinking habits of early times, 59, 73, 224, See
Delaware, settled by Swedes (1638), 96	also Prohibition and Temperance
seized by the Dutch, 97	Duquesne (du-kane'), Fort, 119, 121
seized by the English, 97	Dustin, Mrs., and the Indians, 115
granted to William Penn, 97, 102	Dutch, in New Netherland or New York (1613),
first state to enter the Union, 97	59, 60
De Leon (da-la-on') discovers Florida (1513), 20	claim New Jersey, 64
Democratic-Republicans (1792), 182, 191	try to get Connecticut, 76
Democrats, rise of the Party (1792), 182	seize the Delaware country, 97
at first called "Republicans," 180, 182	are driven out by the English, 97
then called "Democratic-Republicans," 182	are forced to give up New Netherland (1664),
compared with the Federalists, 182	64
Thomas Jefferson, leader of the, 191 (note)
they upheld state rights, 182	Eads' (eeds), Captain, work on the Mississippi,
opposed United States Bank, Is-,	346
Jefferson, first Democratic President, 191	Early's raid (Civil War), 312
principle of, in 1840, 245 (note)	Earth, early ideas about the 1
elect all Presidents (1804-1860) except Harri-	countries known in time of Columbus, 1
son and Taylor, 244, 258	Earthquake at Charleston (1886), 399
advocated free trade or revenue tariff, 219	at San Francisco (1906), 399
(note), 231 (note), 245 (note)	Edison, inventor, 344 (note)
advocated an independent treasury, 245 (note)	Education (colonial period), 54 (and note), 75,
left the slavery question to the states, 245, 265	104, 130
believed internal improvements should be	in the West, 172, 385
made by the states, 219 (note), 245 (note)	in the South, 353 (and note)
elected Cleveland President in 1884 and 1892,	gifts to promote, 389 (and note)
353, 363	of the negro, 353 (and note)
elected Wilson President in 1912 and 1916,	of women, 360

407, 412	free in America, 400
the Free-Silver Democrats, 316 (note), 366	See also Colleges, Schools, and Universities
(note); the Gold Democrats, 366 (note)	Edwards, Rev. Jonathan (colonial period), 131
Denver, Colorado, 279, 339	Election, of President Jefferson by Congress, 191
Department of Agriculture (1889), 355	(note)
of Commerce and Labor (1903), 355	presidential (1800), 191 (note)
of Labor (1913), 355	change in method of presidential (1804), 176
"Department stores," 357.	(note)
"Desert, the Great American," 384 (and note)	the disputed (Hayes vs. Tilden, 1876), 345, 358
De Soto's (de so'to) expedition (1539), 23, 110	Australian or secret ballot introduced (1889),
discovers the Mississippi (1541), 23-24	363
is buried in it, 24	Electoral Commission (1876), 345
Detroit, 117, 201, 202, 205, 278	Count Act (1887), 358. See also Laws
Dewey, Admiral, 376, 378, 381	Electric Age," the, 344 [and Telephone
Diaz (de'az), voyage of, 6	Electric railways, 344, 402. See also Telegraph
Dictionary, Webster's, 238 (and note)	Electricity, Franklin's discoveries (colonial Pe-
Dinwiddie, Governor, 117	riod), 131
Disasters, great, 341, 399	wonderful development of, 343-344, 393
Discoveries, scientific, 362 (note)	present uses of, 132, 247, 248, 263, 264, 342
Disputes, international, settled peaceably 246, 252,	344, 393
344, 364, 365, 366, 389, 198. See also Boundaries	Eliot, Rev. John (colonial period), 76, 79
Disunion, 228 232. See also Garrison, Lincoln,	Emancipation of negroes, Garrison demands, 288
Nullification, Secession, Slavery, Union, Wars	South feared it, 259, 274