and the Fremont Normal. Mr. Bauman is in the livery and transfer business. He is associated with the Republican party and is Sheriff of Dodge County. He was married to Mamie McKinn in 1898.

      CHARLES ARNOT was born in Greenville, West Virginia, and came to Nebraska in 1887, where he has since lived, teaching in various parts of the state. He was educated in the public and private schools of West Virginia and has taken summer work in the University of Nebraska and the Valparaiso and Fremont Normal Schools. For two years he was Principal of Schools in Elk Creek, Nebraska, for six years Superintendent of Schools at Scribner, Nebraska, and is now serving his second term as Superintendent of Dodge County. Mr. Arnot is a member of the Democratic party.

      GEORGE F. WOLZ is a Pennsylvanian, having been born in Philadelphia December 30, 1861. His father was a merchant and Mr. Wolz has also been engaged in the mercantile business. In 1872 he came to Fremont with his parents and has spent all his life there. His education was gained in the Fremont public schools. In 1882 he married Miss May Pfeiffer and they have two children. Mr. Wolz is serving his first term as Mayor of Fremont.

      W. H. GARDNER was born July 19, 1855, at Lee Center, Illinois, where he lived until 1881. Then he came to Pawnee City, Nebraska, and has been Superintendent of City Schools in Nebraska with the exception of a few years since coming to the state. He has been employed as City Superintendent at Pawnee City, Tecumseh, Wymore, Nebraska City, Lincoln and Auburn, and at present is Superintendent of the City Schools of Fremont. Mr. Gardner has been Principal of the Junior State Normal at North Platte, Nebraska, for two years. He received his education in the high. schools of Ashton, Illinois, and Rock River; Seminary. He is a Republican and was married to Miss Elizabeth Nesbitt of Hanover, Illinois, in 1878, and they have two sons and two daughters.

 

     For many years the Indians claimed this county as their exclusive property, and they were not disturbed until what is known as the "Mormon Advent" in 1844. This band of Mormons, having been expelled from Illinois, journeyed westward and stayed for a season in Douglas County. The temporary settlement which they established was called "Winter Quarters." It was in reality a town with stores and houses formed into streets and a population of about 15,000. A great deal of the native timber was used up in the building of this town, and upon complaint of the Indians to this effect, the government requested the Mormons to leave the county. The town was vacated and the Mormons scattered over Iowa. The Indians exercised undisputed authority over the county for some time after this on account of government protection, but there were many "would-be" inhabitants, and in 1854, a treaty was concluded with the Otoes, Missouris and Omahas by which the Indians were to renounce their claims and go to a reservation Florence and Omaha were the first towns, and they became sharp rivals. The former was finally forced to succumb, to Omaha, and now their respective populations are 688 and 128, 556. The first letter received in the county was addressed to Omaha City, Nebraska Ter., from Washington, and was a refusal of the request for a mail route between Council Bluffs and Omaha. As the proceeds were not enough to pay for a carrier, at first the mail was carried in the coat pockets of Mr. A. D. Jones and distributed whenever convenient. The first actual dwelling house in Omaha was a log shanty in the northeastern part of the Kountze place in South Omaha, on which a shingle sign announced "Post Office by A. D. Jones." The first county newspaper was "The Arrow," a weekly, edited in 1854 by J. E. Johnson, a Mormon, and J. W. Pattison. During the next year "The Herald" appeared, edited by George L. Miller. The population of the county in 1854 was less than 1,000. After a period of fifty years it now numbers 140,590. In 1857 came the financial panic, in which the "wildcat" banks everywhere failed, values fell and there was a general exodus out of the country. Douglas County was organized in 1855 with an, area of, 335 square miles, 130 square miles of which are included in the valleys of the Platte, Elkhorn and tributaries of the Papillion.

     JOHN POWER was born May 6, 1849, in

Waterford, Ireland, where he received his education in the public schools. In 1865 he came to Philadelphia and was there employed as a cooper for five years. In 1872 he went to Kansas City, Missouri, and six months later settled in Omaha, Nebraska, where he has been engaged in business and is now connected with the International Manufacturing Company. In politics Mr. Power is a Democrat and was elected to the office of Sheriff of Douglas County in 1899, which office he now holds.

      JAMES P. ENGLISH is a native of Wisconsin, having been born in Kenosha, September 12, 1859. His father, Thomas English, was engaged in the harness and saddlery business. In November, 1880, he removed from Wisconsin and came to Omaha, Nebraska. He is a practicing attorney of Omaha and at present is the County Attorney of Douglas County.

      HARRY P. DEUEL is a pioneer of Omaha, having lived in the same ward, the Fourth, for over forty years. Mr. Deuel is an offspring of the Empire State. He was born in Clarkson, Monroe County, but during his childhood he removed with his parents to Farmington, Illinois. He attended Lombard University at Galesburg, Illinois. For thirty-five years after coming to Omaha in 1859 he was connected with the railroad. Three years ago Mr. Deuel was made County Auditor and is now Register of Deeds.

     DUNCAN M. VINSONHALER is an

Omaha lawyer, having received his LL. B. at the University of Michigan in 1891. He was born in Nodaway County, Missouri, on the 29th of June, 1867. His parents are George and Sarah Vinsonhaler, and they are engaged in farming. He is filling the position of County judge for the third term and is associated with the Republican party. He was married to Miss Isabel Ellison in 1893, and they have two children.

      ROBERT O. FINK was born May 3, 1860, in Germany, whence he came to America in 1880 and located first in Ohio. After a year there he moved to Nebraska. He was educated at the Prenzleau College and has been engaged in bookkeeping, real estate and newspaper business. He was married in 1886 to Flavilla Cushman and they have two children. In politics he is a Republican and he is now serving his first term as County Treasurer.

      E. J. BODWELL was born in February of 1860 in Orleans County, Vermont. He came to Nebraska in 1888 and is now a resident of Omaha. His vocation is teaching and he is now serving for the fifth term as County Superintendent. He was educated at the Vermont State Normal and at Dartmouth College, where he took his B. S. in 1888. Mr. Bodwell has been principal of graded schools in Douglas County and is now President of the State Teachers' Association, in which organization he was a member of the executive committee for three years. He has been director of the N. E. A. in this state for two years. He is a Republican in politics.

      GEORGE A. MAGNEY was born September 29, 1858, in Portsmouth, Ohio. He came to Nebraska in 1865 and received his education in the high school at Plattsmouth, Nebraska. He studied law with Judge Chatman and was admitted to the bar in 1882. After practicing four years at Papillion he located in Omaha. In 1885 he married Dora L. Aver. Several years ago he acted as Judge of the Municipal Court and has been Deputy County Attorney for the past two years. Politically he is a Populist.

      HARRY D. REED was born October 5, 1860, in Walworth County, Wisconsin, from which state he came to Nebraska in 1876. His parents, Orid and Jane Reed, are engaged in farming. Mr. Reed is engaged in the real estate and abstracting business. For three different times he has been on the City Board of Review and is now filling the position of County Assessor. He is a member of the Republican party. June 23, 1891, he married Ellen Fay and they have two children.

      FRANK A. BROADWELL was born at Morrisonville, New York, in the year 1859 and in 1888 he came to Nebraska. He acquired his education at Cornell University. During two terms he served as City Treasurer of South Omaha and is now Clerk of District Court for the second term. He is affiliated with the Democratic party. In 1891 he was married to Miss Gertrude Glasgow.

      FRANK CHRISTMANN was born in Bavaria in 1853 and his parents are still in Germany. He acquired his education at the Royal Bavarian Gymnasium. In 1886 he came to Nebraska and his occupation is bookkeeping. From 1894 to 1898 he served as Police Judge of South Omaha. He is Deputy Register of Deeds of Douglas County and is a member of the Democratic party. His wife's maiden name was Miss Elisa Jindra and their marriage occurred in 1899.

      W. G. CUNNINGHAM is engaged in the furniture and contracting business at Omaha, to which city he came from his birthplace, Detroit, Michigan, in the year of 1889. His birth occurred November 10, 1869. He was educated in the public schools of Detroit. For four and one-half years he has been Deputy Sheriff of Douglas County. In 1894 he married Miss Leonore Sander, daughter of Councilman Sander. He has two sons.

      H. C. SHARP is Deputy County Treasurer of Douglas County. He came to Omaha in 1867, after a two years' residence in Illinois. His birthplace is Balderinsville, New York, and he was born July 15, 1857. He received his education in the public and private schools of Omaha. For five years he held the position of City Comptroller and is an accountant by vocation.

     JOHN H. GROSSMAN is a practicing attorney of Omaha. He came to Nebraska in October of 1885 from Salem, New Jersey, where he was born January 17, 1854. He was graduated from Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, in the class of 1881, receiving the degree of Ph. B. His legal training was acquired at Salem, New Jersey, and he was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of New Jersey in 1884. Mr. Grossman is a glass blower by trade and worked his way through school. He entered on his first term as Deputy Clerk of District Court in 1902, having previously been