ARL
SCHURZ, a noted German-American statesman, was born in Liblar,
Prussia, March 2, 1829. He studied at the University of Bonn, and
in 1849 was engaged in an attempt to excite an insurrection at
that place. After the surrender of Rastadt by the revolutionists,
in the defense of which Schurz took part, he decided to emigrate
to America. He resided in Philadelphia three years, and then
settled in Watertown, Wisconsin, and in 1859 removed to Milwaukee,
where he practiced law. On the organization of the Republican
party he became a leader of the German element and entered the
campaign for Lincoln in 1860. He was appointed minister to Spain
in 1861, but resigned in December of that year to enter the army.
He was appointed brigadier-general in 1862, and participated in
the second battle of Bull Run, and also at Chancellorsville. At
Gettysburg he had temporary command of the Eleventh Army Corps,
and also took part in the battle of Chattanooga.
After the war he located at St. Louis, and in 1869 was elected United States senator from Missouri. He supported Horace Greeley for the presidency in 1872, and in the campaign of 1876, having removed to New York, he supported Hayes and the Republican ticket, and was appointed secretary of the interior in 1877. In 1881 he became editor of the "New York Evening Post," and in 1884 was prominent in his opposition to James G. Blaine, and became a leader of the "Mugwumps," thus assisting in the election of Cleveland. In the presidential campaign of 1896 his forcible speeches in the interest of sound money wielded an immense influence. Mr. Schurz wrote a "Life of Henry Clay," said to be the best biography ever published of that eminent statesman.
EORGE
F. EDMUNDS, an American statesman of national reputation, was born
in Richmond, Vermont, February 1, 1828. His education was obtained
in the public schools and from the instructions of a private
tutor. He was admitted to the bar, practiced law, and served in
the state legislature from 1854 to 1859, during three years of
that time being speaker of the lower house. He was elected to the
state senate and acted as president pro tempore of that body in
1861 and 1862. He became prominent for his activity in the
impeachment proceedings against President Johnson, and was
appointed to the United States senate to fill out the unexpired
term of Solomon Foot, entering that body in 1866. He was
re-elected to the senate four times, and served on the electoral
commission in 1877. He became president pro tempore of the senate
after the death of President Garfield, and was the author of the
bill which put an end to the practice of polygamy in the territory
of Utah. In November, 1891, owing to impaired health, he retired
from the senate and again resumed the practice of law.
UCIUS
Q. C. LAMAR, a prominent political leader, statesman and jurist,
was born in Putnam county, Georgia, Sep-
ENJAMIN
PENHALLOW SHILLABER won fame in the world of humorists under the
name of "Mrs. Partington." He was born in 1841 at Portsmouth, New
Hampshire, and started out in life as a printer. Mr. Shillaber
went to Dover, where he secured employment in a printing office,
and from there he went to Demerara, Guiana, where he was employed
as a compositor in 1835-37. In 1840 he became connected with the
"Boston Post," and acquired quite a reputation as a humorist by
his ''Sayings of Mrs. Partington." He remained as editor of the
paper until 1850, when he printed and edited a paper of his own
called the "Pathfinder," which he continued until 1852. Mr.
Shillaber became editor and proprietor of the "Carpet Bag," which
he conducted during 1850-52, and then returned to the "Boston
Post," with which he was connected until 1856. During the same
time he was one of the editors of the ''Saturday Evening Gazette,"
and continued in this line after he severed his connection with
the "Post," for ten years. After 1866 Mr. Shillaber wrote for
various newspapers and periodicals, and during his life published
the following books: "Rhymes with Reason and Without," "Poems,"
''Life and Sayings of Mrs. Partington," "Knitting Work," and
others. His death occurred at Chelsea, Massachusetts, November 25,
1890. 
ASTMAN
JOHNSON stands first among painters of American country life. He
was born in Lovell, Maine, in 1824, and began his work in drawing
at the age of eighteen years. His first works were portraits, and,
as he took up his residence in Washington, the most famous men of
the nation were his subjects. In 1846 he went to Boston, and there
made crayon portraits of Longfellow, Emerson, Sumner, Hawthorne
and other noted men. In 1849 he went to Europe. He studied at
Dusseldorf, Germany; spent a year at the Royal Academy, and thence
to The Hague, where he spent four years, producing there his first
pictures
IERCE
GUSTAVE TOUTANT BEAUREGARD, one of the most distinguished generals
in the Confederate army, was born near New Orleans, Louisiana, May
28, 1818. He graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1838,
and was made second lieutenant of engineers. He was with General
Scott in Mexico, and distinguished himself at Vera Cruz, Cerro
Gordo, and the battles near the City of Mexico, for which he was
twice brevetted. After the Mexican war closed he was placed in
charge of defenses about New Orleans, and in 1860 was appointed
superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West
Point. He held this position but a few months, when he resigned
February 20, 1861, and accepted a commission of brigadier-general
in the Confederate army. He directed the attack on Fort Sumter,
the first engagement of the Civil war. He was in command of the
Confederates at the first battle of Bull Run, and for this victory
was made general. In 1862 he was placed in command of the Army of
the Mississippi, and planned the attack upon General Grant at
Shiloh, arid upon the death of General Johnston he took command of
the army and was only defeated by the timely arrival of General
Buell with reinforcements. He commanded at Charleston and
successfully defended that city against the combined attack by
land and sea in 1863. In 1864 he was in command in Virginia,
defeating General Butler, and resisting Grant's attack upon
Petersburg until reinforced from Richmond. During the long siege
which followed he was sent to check General Sherman's march to the
sea, and was with General Joseph E. Johnston when that general
surrendered in 1865. After the close of the war he was largely
interested in railroad management. In 1866 he was offered chief
command of the Army of Roumania, and in 1869, that of the Army of
Egypt. He declined these offers. His death occurred February 20,
1893. 
ENRY
GEORGE, one of America's most celebrated political economists, was
born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 2, 1839. He received
a common-school education and entered the high school in 1853, and
then went into a mercantile office. He made several voyages on the
sea, and settled in California in 1858. He then worked at the
printer's trade for a number of years, which he left to follow the
editorial profession. He edited in succession several daily
newspapers, and attracted attention by a number of strong essays
and speeches on political and social questions. In 1871 he edited
a pamphlet, entitled "Our Land and Policy," in which he outlined
a
HOMAS
ALEXANDER SCOTT. --This name is indissolubly connected with the
history and development of the railway systems of the United
States. Mr. Scott was born December 28, 1823, at London, Franklin
county, Pennsylvania. He was first regularly employed by Major
James Patton, the collector of tolls on the state road between
Philadelphia and Columbia, Pennsylvania. He entered into the
employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in 1850, and went
through all the different branches of work until he had mastered
all the details of the office work, and in 1858 he was appointed
general superintendent. Mr. Scott was the next year chosen
vice-president of the road. This position at once brought him
before the public, and the enterprise and ability displayed by him
in its management marked him as a leader among the railroad men of
the country. At the outbreak of the rebellion in 1861, Mr. Scott
was selected by Governor Curtin as a member of his staff, and
placed in charge of the equipment and forwarding of the state
troops to the seat of war. On April 27, 1861, the secretary of war
desired to establish a new line of road between the national
capital and Philadelphia, for the more expeditious transportation
of troops. He called upon Mr. Scott to direct this work, and the
road by the way of Annapolis and Perryville was completed in a
marvelously short space of time. On May 3, 1861, he was
commissioned colonel of volunteers, and on the 23d of the same
month the government railroads and telegraph lines were placed in
his charge. Mr. Scott was the first assistant secretary of war
ever appointed, and he took charge of this new post August 1,
1861. In January, 1862, he was directed to organize transportation
in the northwest, and in March he performed the same service on
the western rivers. He resigned June 1, 1862, and resumed his
direction of affairs on the Pennsylvania Railroad. Colonel Scott
directed the policy that secured to his road the control of the
western roads, and became the president of the new company to
operate these lines in 1871. For one year, from March, 1871, he
was president of the Union Pacific Railroad, and in 1874 he
succeeded to the presidency of the Pennsylvania Company. He
projected the Texas Pacific Railroad and was for many years its
president. Colonel Scott's health failed
OBERT
TOOMBS, an American statesman of note, was born in Wilkes county,
Georgia, July 2, 1810. He attended the University of Georgia. and
graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York, and then took
a law course at the University of Virginia. In 1830, before he had
attained his majority, he was admitted to the bar by special act
of the legislature, and rose rapidly in his profession, attracting
the attention of the leading statesmen and judges of that time. He
raised a volunteer company for the Creek war, and served as
captain to the close. He was elected to the state legislature in
1837, re-elected in 1842, and in 1844 was elected to congress. He
had been brought up as a Jeffersonian Democrat, but voted for
Harrison in 1840 and for Clay in 1844. He made his first speech in
congress on the Oregon question, and immediately took rank with
the greatest debaters of that body. In 1853 he was elected to the
United States senate, and again in 1859, but when his native state
seceded he resigned his seat in the senate and was elected to the
Confederate congress. It is stated on the best authority that had
it not been for a misunderstanding which could not be explained
till too late he would have been elected president of the
Confederacy. He was appointed secretary of state by President
Davis, but resigned after a few months and was commissioned
brigadier-general in the Confederate army. He won distinction at
the second battle of Bull Run and at Sharpsburg, but resigned his
commission soon after and returned to Georgia. He organized the
militia of Georgia to resist Sherman, and was made
brigadier-general of the state troops. He left the country at the
close of the war and did not return until 1867. He died December
15, 1885. 
USTIN CORBIN, one of the greatest railway magnates of the United
States, was born July 11, 1827, at Newport, New Hampshire. He
studied law with Chief Justice Cushing and Governor Ralph Metcalf,
and later took a course in the Harvard Law School, where he
graduated in 1849. He was admitted to the bar, and practiced law,
with Governor Metcalf as his partner, until October 12, 1851. Mr.
Corbin then removed to Davenport, Iowa, where he remained until
1865. In 1854 he was a partner in the banking firm of Macklot
& Corbin, and later he organized the First National bank of
Davenport, Iowa, which commenced business June 29, &863, and
which was the first national bank open for business in the United
States. Mr. Corbin sold out his business in the Davenport bank,
and removed to New York in 1865 and commenced business with
partners under the style of Corbin Banking Company. Soon after his
removal to New York he became interested in railroads, and became
one of the leading railroad, men of the country. The development
of the west half of Coney Island as a summer resort first brought
him into general prominence. He built a railroad from New York to
the island, and built great hotels on its ocean front. He next
turned his attention to Long Island, and secured all the railroads
and consolidated them under one management, became president of
the system, and under his control Long Island became the great
ocean suburb of New York. His latest public achievement was the
rehabilitation of the Reading Railroad, of Pennsylvania, and
AMES
GORDON BENNETT, SR., was one of the greatest journalists of
America in his day. He was born September I, 1795, at New Mill,
near Keith, Scotland. At the age of fourteen he was sent to
Aberdeen to study for the priesthood, but, convinced that he was
mistaken in his vocation, he determined to emigrate. He landed at
Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1819, where he attempted to earn a living
by teaching bookkeeping. Failing in this he went to Boston and
found employment as a proof reader. Mr. Bennett went to New York
about 1822 and wrote for the newspapers. Later on he became
assistant editor in the office of the "Charleston Courier," but
returned to New York in 1824 and endeavored to start a commercial
school, but was unsuccessful in this, and again returned to
newspaper work. He continued in newspaper work with varying
success until, at his suggestion, the "Enquirer" was consolidated
with another paper, and became the "Courier and Enquirer," with
James Watson Webb as editor and Mr. Bennett for assistant. At this
time this was the leading American newspaper. He, however, severed
his connection with this newspaper and tried, without success,
other ventures in the line of journalism until May 6, 1835, when
he issued the first number of the "New York Herald." Mr. Bennett
wrote the entire paper, and made up for lack of news by his own
imagination. The paper became popular, and in 1838 he engaged
European journalists as regular correspondents. In 1841 the income
derived from his paper was at least one hundred thousand dollars.
During the Civil war the ''Herald" had on its staff sixty-three
war correspondents and the circulation was doubled. Mr. Bennett
was interested with John W. Mackay in that great enterprise which
is now known as the Mackay-Bennett Cable. He had collected for use
in his paper over fifty thousand biographies, sketches and all
manner of information regarding every well-known man, which are
still kept in the archives of the "Herald" office. He died in the
city of New York in 1872, and left to his son, James Gordon, Jr.,
one of the greatest and most profitable journals in the United
States, or even in the world. 
LIVER
WENDELL HOLMES, a noted American, won distinction in the field of
literature, in which he attained a world-wide reputation. He was
born at Cambridge, Massachusetts, August 29, 1809. He received a
collegiate education and graduated from Harvard in 1829, at the
age of twenty, and took up the study of law and later studied
medicine. Dr. Holmes attended several years in the hospitals of
Europe and received his degree in 1836. He became professor of
anatomy and physiology in Dartmouth in 1838, and remained there
until 1847, when he was called to the Massachusetts Medical School
at Boston to occupy the same chair, which position he resigned in
1882. The first collected edition of his poems appeared in 1836,
and his "Phi Beta Kappa Poems," ''Poetry," in 1836;
''Terpsichore,'' in 1843; "Urania," in 1846, and "Astra," won for
him many fresh laurels. His series of papers in the "Atlantic
Monthly," were;
WIGHT
L. MOODY, one of the most noted and effective pulpit orators and
evangelists America has produced, was born in Northeld, Franklin
county, Massachusetts, February 5, 1837. He received but a meager
education and worked on a farm until seventeen years of age, when
he became clerk in a boot and shoe store in Boston. Soon after
this he joined the Congregational church and went to Chicago,
where he zealously engaged in missionary work among the poor
classes. He met with great success, and in less than a year he
built up a Sunday-school which numbered over one thousand
children. When the war broke out he became connected with what was
known as the "Christian Commission," and later became city
missionary of the Young Men's Christian Association at Chicago. A
church was built there for his converts and he became its
unordained pastor. In the Chicago fire of 1871 the church and Mr.
Moody's house and furniture, which had been given him, were
destroyed. The
