early memories cluster around the school days of that country, and in after years his work was husbandry and other pursuits.
   It was in the year 1868 when Mr. Bergmann determined to leave his native country, and the protection of its flag for the experiment of life amid new scenes and surroundings on this continent. He landed in the month of April, that year, accompanied by his wife and three children, also by his father. His mother was left at rest in the graveyard near the old home, having been removed from mortal scenes some years before. The vessel landed the family at the city of New York, and presently they proceeded to Nebraska, where the richness of Lancaster County prompted them to settle. They accordingly made their home in Stockton Precinct, where our subject took up a farm under the Homestead Law. As soon as the family were settled in their new quarters, they set to work to improve their land by cultivation and building, adding to the original quarter-section from time to time, until to-day Mr. Bergmann possesses 240 acres of fine land. He has taken great interest in tree culture, and his farm exhibits his success in this direction.
   In November, 1862, while yet in Germany, Mr. Bergmann was married to Minnie Sangbush, who was born Dec. 10, 1836, and is the daughter of John and Dora Sangbush. The home circle comprises a family of six children--William, Otto, Anna, Minnie, Amanda and August.
   We are continually reminded that some of the smallest events in life become in their turn, causes, the effects whereof attract the attention, and oft times the amazement and admiration of the world. Little did the despised, solitary and frail child, Martin Luther, who sang in the streets of a great city for the pittance required in order to keep him at the school of the monks, think that we to-day, in free America, would be conversant with his history and feel the effects of his life. Little did he dream as in after days he toiled painfully up the stairs of St. Peter's at Rome, that the thought that fired his brain while thus engaged, and which caused him to rush madly from the scene, would to-day affect countless thousands of the citizens of this Republic. Nevertheless the mental training which he acquired in that school, and the key to Christian liberty obtained in that one thought at Rome, have been forceful and yet more forceful as the days have passed by. This great reformer, Luther, the hero of his times, left such an impression upon the religious thought of his countrymen as has never been eradicated. It still lives in spirit in the whole of Christendom, in name, and in part spirit, in the German Lutheran Church, of which our subject and his wife are members. Although not prominent in political circles Mr. Bergmann lends his sympathies and gives his vote to the Republican party.
   The homestead of Carl Bergmann, as will be observed by a glance at the view appearing on another page, is the silent but forcible witness of the achievements of the determined and self-made man, and compares favorably with those of the thrifty element about him. In time to come his descendants will point with pride to his record and his labors, as those of air honest man and a good citizen.

RS. LOUISA HORNUNG, the owner of a fine farm of highly productive land, embracing eighty acres on section 4 in Little Salt Precinct, is the widow of the late Casper Hornung, who departed this life June 6 1877. The family residence is a neat and substantial structure, flanked by a good barn and all the other necessary buildings, while a fine orchard and a choice assortment of fruit trees forms not only a protection from the suns of summer and the cold winds of winter, but adds alike to the value and beauty of the property. On all sides is indicated the hand of thrift and industry, together with cultivated tastes and ample means.
   Casper Hornung was born in the Prussian Province of Saxony, May 26, 1821. He was carefully educated at a private school and reared to agricultural pursuits, his father being the owner of a fine and large estate. When twenty-seven years of age he was united in marriage with Miss Louisa Burckart, the wedding taking place at the home of the bride in Saxony, July 21, 1846. The young people settled on one of the little farms belonging to the father, and lived there for a period of ten years.
   In 1866 Casper Hornung, believing that there

were better opportunities for an ambitious and enterprising man on the other side of the Atlantic, embarked with his wife and six children (paying $60 apiece for their tickets) for a voyage across the Atlantic. The little family included two sons and four daughters, who were named respectively: Ernest H., Eliza, Frederick, Rosa, Christiana and Bertha.
   The Hornung family arrived in New York City with funds nearly exhausted, but the father soon secured work on a farm in Niagara County, where they lived for a period of five years. Then, in the spring of 1871, learning of the advantages proffered to the homesteader of Nebraska, they migrated hither and settled upon the land which has since been transformsd (sic) into a valuable farm. Many were the trials and hardships they encountered with the elements of a new soil and country, also a strange people, and for a period of five years they lived in a dug-out. This finally caved in, and the father put up a sod house. Under the roof of this humble dwelling Mr. Hornung died of consumption, June 6, 1877.
   After the death of the husband the sod house also caved in, and Mrs. Hornung and her children for three months lived in the open air without a shelter. During these days of trial the innate nobleness of this excellent woman asserted itself, and without giving way to discouragement she taught her children to be of assistance, so that in time their circumstances altered for the better, and they were enabled, in 1887, to put up a substantial frame dwelling. To the right of this stands a beautiful little grove of box elders and walnut trees, the seed of which Mrs. Hornung planted with her own hands. She also has an orchard of 100 apple trees, besides pears, cherries, grapes, and all kinds of the smaller fruits. She is justly proud of her annual vegetable garden, which she plants and cares for with her own hands. She keeps a fine herd of cattle and swine. The land is all enclosed with good fences, the barn is one of the most conveniently arranged and substantial in this part of the precinct, and near the house is one of the finest wells in the country, very deep, and walled up with stone.
   Mrs. Hornung was born, like her husband, in the Province of Saxony, July 22, 1825. She was also tutored in a private school, being under the instruction of one teacher for a period of eight years. Her father, Christopher Burckart, was a miller by occupation, and the owner of a large gristmill, besides a fine estate in Saxony. He was for many years Treasurer of the village, and a man of prominence and influence. To Mr. and Mrs. Hornung were born six children, the eldest of whom, Ernest by name, married Miss Ida South, of Niagara County, N. Y., and is now farming in Little Salt Precinct, where he has a fine family of four children; Eliza was married, and died leaving one child; Frederick was married, and died leaving three children; his widow afterward became the wife of his brother Ernest. Rose, Mrs. James Davey, is living in Malcolm Precinct, where her husband owns a fine farm; he also has two houses in the city of Lincoln; they are the parents of five children. Christiana became the wife of George Neff, of Little Salt Precinct, and they have four children; Bertha, Mrs. Charles Lindholm, of Little Salt Precinct, is the mother of four children.
   Mrs. Hornung is therefore the proud grandmother of twenty-one grandchildren. She lives alone on her farm with one granddaughter, her daughter's child. She is a lady held in the highest esteem by her neighbors, who with one accord acknowledge her extraordinary qualities as a business woman, and also as the mother of a fine family of children, who have lived to grow up around her respected by all who know them. She is kindly and venial in her manner, and a lady whose equal is seldom met.

EONIDAS K. HOLMES is one of the prominent citizens of Lincoln, proprietor of the Lincoln City Brick Works, and the Mohawk Valley Dairy, and owner of an exceptionally fine dairy farm, situated on section 22, Garfield Precinct, and also considerable city property. He has grown up with the city and district, and from the first has lent his best endeavors to the progress of his adopted city and State.
   Our subject is the son and fifth child of Alva and Sophronia (Ellis) Holmes. His father was born at Litchfield, Conn., about the year 1790. He re-