Josephine E., wife of Albert Sarnes, of Jefferson County, Neb.; James William, who lives in Lincoln: and Alice L., wife of David O. Tait, of Otoe County. Mr. Masters was married to his present wife June 3, 1863. Her maiden name was Susan M. Cramer, and she was born in Brown County, Ohio, June 24, 1831. For the history of her parents, B. D. and Calista (Granger) Cramer, see sketch of B. D. Tait. Mrs. Masters had been previously married before her union with our subject. Her first marriage, which took place Feb. 26, 1852, was to Edward Beyette, a native of Montreal, Canada. He came to the "States" at nineteen years of age, and settled in Ohio in the village of Boston, where he was engaged as a painter until his death, May 31, 1860. Mrs. Masters had three children by that marriage, only one of whom is now living, Doughty Cramer, a farmer, who resides near Syracuse, Neb. After her husband's death Mrs. Masters sold her home in the village of Boston, and in the spring of 1862 came to Nebraska City and located. One child has been born to our subject and his wife, Charles L., who was born April 4, 1864, and died May 3, 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Masters are influential members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he has been Trustee and Steward for many years.
   Mr. Masters is a man of great intelligence, is well read, and is considered an authority on horticulture, to which he has devoted years of study. This brief record will show that he is a good citizen, and he is, moreover, thoroughly respected for his high character, and we take pleasure in presenting his Portrait in the galaxy of portraits of leading citizens of Otoe County given in this ALBUM.

RNEST D. GARROW is widely and favorably known throughout the eastern part of the county for his energy and fine business capacities. He has seen much of life on the frontier, having come to the West during the early settlement of this county, landing in Nebraska Territory on the 3d of April, 1859, when a boy eight years of age. During his youth and early manhood he attained a close acquaintance with farming pursuits, and entered upon a successful career, which has wound up with a good business as a live-stock commission merchant, being connected with the firm of Savage & Green, commission merchants of South Omaha.
   Our subject comes of one of the best nationalities on the face of the earth, his parents, David and Margaret (McDonald) Garrow, having been born in Scotland, where the father was a farmer in good circumstances, and where the family lived until about 1854. Then, selling out, David Garrow emigrated to Canada, but within the space of six weeks suffered the loss of his wife and three children. Not long afterward, turning his back upon the scenes of so much affliction, he came over into the States, locating in LaSalle County, Ill., with his remaining motherless children, and farmed there upon a tract of unimproved land for a period of two years. At the expiration of that time he crossed the Mississippi, and spent his last days in Otoe County, Neb. The brothers and sisters of our subject were named respectively: Peter, James, David, Alex, John, Isabel and Elizabeth. Peter, James and John died in Canada.
   Mr. Garrow who, like his parents, also first opened his eyes in the "land of the thistle," is it native of Aberdeenshire, his birth taking place Feb. 17, 1851, and, although less than three years old when leaving his native land, he has a distinct recollection of the stone mansion which sheltered his infant head, and the barns adjacent, also built of stone, and the air of plenty which pervaded the whole. He also remembers the sea dogs, whose heads frequently appeared above the water during the voyage across the Atlantic. His mother's family, the McDonalds, were people of wealth and prominence, as was likewise the father of our subject, but the latter hoped to still better himself on the soil of America. From the loss of his wife and children he never fully recovered, and it was an event which shadowed not only the subsequent life of the father, but that of his son, our subject.
   Mr. Garrow, of this sketch, studied his first lessons in LaSalle County, Ill., but upon coming to Nebraska his education was sadly neglected, as there were no schools near the pre-emption claim upon which the father had settled. He was very

 ambitious, however, remarkably industrious, and always aspiring to something better in the future.
   At the early age of thirteen years he left home and engaged with the firm of Smith & Galbraith to drive an ox-team and wagon, loaded with provisions, principally corn, meats and bacon, to Ft. Smith, on the Big Horn River. They started out in the spring of 1866, and arrived at their destination six months later. Upon returning our subject found that his father was dead, and the family living in Nebraska City. In April of 1866 Mr. Garrow went with a train to Ft. Laramie, and was at that point at the time of the massacre, when, within the space of an hour, ninety soldiers and three citizens were killed by the Indians. Subsequently he engaged in many skirmishes with the Indians in journeying from Ft. Laramie to the Sweetwater mines, near the present site of South Pass City. He thereafter followed teaming through the mountains for a period of seven years, when for the most time his only shelter was the firmament of heaven, his couch the ground and his covering a blanket. For about two years he traveled in Wyoming, having for his companion during this time Frank Wheeling, who is now with Buffalo Bill as his steward.
   In the Winter of 1867 Mr. Garrow engaged with Antoine Reynolds, a man who had dealt with the Indians for a period of forty-three years, and who was at one time a member of the old American Fur Company. He at this time operated the Cold Springs Trading Ranch on the North Platte, twenty-two miles below Ft. Laramie. While in his employ Mr. Garrow became familiar with the Sioux language, a knowledge of which afterward served to save his life on several occasions. One day he went to Ft. Laramie for the purpose of obtaining provisions, riding a pony. Upon his return, in crossing a deep gully with his pony and provisions, he was suddenly confronted by a band of thirteen bucks, whom he saw at once were bent on plunder, if not murder. They were decorated in their war regalia, and the situation for our subject was alarming, but he soon regained his self-possession, and addressing them in their own language, invited them to go to his own fireplace and share his evening repast. To this they consented, and all rode to the ranch together, a distance of seven miles. After partaking of an evening meal they departed in peace. In the fall of 1868 Mr. Garrow made a solemn vow, that, if Providence would pardon him for ever associating with the Sioux, he would forever abandon their country. He consequently set out for the Sweetwater mines in Wyoming, where he spent some time, and was quite successful in his operations there. Afterward he was employed by the Union Pacific Railroad Company in hauling timber for the construction of a branch road, and when this contract was ended made his way to Salt Lake City. where he sojourned two months. Thence he went to Montana, where he spent in that Territory and Idaho two or three years, and in the fall of 1871 we find him in Pioche, Nev. There he placed his money in the hands of a commission broker to be invested in a silver mine, but the broker absconded, and our subject suffered a loss of $10,000.
   Mr. Garrow continued in Nevada from 1871 until 1876, engaged in prospecting and mining in different parts of the Territory, and developed several paying mines, with results similar to that described by Tour in his "Fool's Errand," spending much time and a large amount of money at almost a total loss.
   After this our subject started out on horseback from Nevada to Washington Territory, and traveled in that manner through Oregon and California, and in fact through nearly all of the country on the Pacific Slope. Upon returning eastward he struck Nebraska City on the 29th of October, 1879, not, however, with the intention of staying. A few months later he entered the employ of Gen. Coe, as superintendent of his ranch at Humboldt, Nev., where he occupied himself four months. He was homesick. however, for a better civilization, and returning to Nebraska City, prepared to engage in the mercantile and stock business. There was at the same time another attraction which drew him to this point, namely, a most estimable young lady, Miss Addis Lane, to whom he was married Sept. 5, 1880. This lady was born in Jefferson City, Mo., Dec. 9, 1860, and is the daughter of J. C. Lane, who with his wife was a native of Virginia: they are now living in Nebraska. They came to Nebraska when their daughter Addie was a young girl of thirteen years, and she completed her edu-

cation in its schools, remaining with her parents until her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. G. have since lived in Nebraska City, and have become the parents of two sons and a daughter--Alexander Wayne, Wesley Claude and Mamie.
   Our subject, in 1879, entered into partnership with his brother Alex, and they still operate together. The latter is a resident of the city of Lincoln. Mr. Garrow has always laid great faith in the future of both Nebraska City and his adopted State, but his interests naturally center mostly in the former. He has been a man prompt to meet his obligations, and stands high in the business community his transactions aggregating $100,000 annually. He has valuable property on Fourth avenue, consisting of a good residence and grounds, and is interested in other real estate in the city. Politically, he terms himself a "flat-footed" Republican, that is, he knows nothing to swerve him from his support of the principles which preserved the Union. Socially, he belongs to Frontier Lodge No. 3, I. O. O. F., where he is prominent among the brethren and in which he has done good service. His excellent wife is a member in good standing of the Baptist Church.

DAM SPRINGMANN of Palmyra Precinct, is very pleasantly situated in life, having a fine homestead, a competency and a household in which he finds his chief enjoyment. The latter is presided over by a very estimable and capable lady of sterling worth, who looks well to her domestic affairs, and possesses those qualities which go so far toward making up the sum of satisfaction and enjoyment within the precincts of home. Although not elegant, the home of the Springmans is replete with all needful comforts, and it has often been noted that in these quiet and unpretentious households more often exists true happiness than in many of those where splendor and luxury abound.
   Mr. Springman, during the earlier years of his life, was a resident of Stephenson County, Ill., and identified with its early history. Upon the outbreak of the late Civil War he enlisted in Company G, 46th Illinois Infantry, and during the vicissitudes of army life marched through the States of Missouri, Texas, Arkansas and Louisiana. and was also at Mobile, Ala. After a faithful and patriotic service of two years he was mustered out at Baton Rouge, La., in February, 1866.
   Our subject was the eighth child of his parents, and was born in Lycoming County. Pa., Nov. 1, 1836. He was reared as a farmer's boy, and at an early period in his life he was trained to those habits of industry which he has preserved to the present time, and which have been the secret of his success in life. Upon approaching manhood he learned the trade of carpenter, and remained at home in Pennsylvania until the spring of 1859. Thence he emigrated to Freeport, Ill., about the time of the completion of the Illinois Central Railroad through Central Illinois, where he followed his trade, and in the fall of 1862 was first married, to Miss Sarah A. Lauck, whose home was in the vicinity of Book Grove, Stephenson County. This lady died while our subject was in the army, in October, 1864, of their union there was born one child, a son, Harvey F., who married Miss Anna Tanner, and is the father of a son, Edward A. He is living in Otoe County, and engaged in farming.
   Mr. Springman, on the 25th of September, 1866, contracted a second marriage, with Miss Rebecca E. Sidles, who was born in Somerset, Pa., and is the daughter of Daniel and Catherine (Zorn) Sidles, who were natives of Pennsylvania; the father is now deceased, and Mrs. Sidles makes her home with her daughter, wife of our subject. Mrs. Springman was the sixth in a family of nine children, four sons and five daughters, and was born July 16, 1844.
   Catharine Sidles, wife of Daniel Sidles, deceased, was born Sept. 5, 1805, in Berlin, Somerset Co., Pa, Her father's name was Charles Zorn, who lived to the age of sixty-five years; he was married to Barbary Wiant, who lived to the age of sixty-eight. Their union was blessed with eleven children, seven of whom survived their parents, Catharine Sidles was confirmed, and united with the German Reformed Church at the age of fourteen, was converted at a camp meeting in Somerset County, Pa., at the age of thirty, and united with the Evangelical Church, of which she remained a faithful member until the

year 1875. There being no class of that church in Dakota, Ill., where she then lived, she united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has proved a consistent member of that church. She was united in the bonds of matrimony, March 26, 1828, at the age of twenty-two, to Daniel Sidles. They were blessed with nine children, all of whom survived their father, he being the first to break the ties of the family. Daniel Sidles, her husband, was a blacksmith, and worked at his trade in Somerset County until 1854, when they moved to Illinois and settled on a farm of eighty acres two miles southeast of Dakota, where they lived until 1867, when they sold this farm and bought twenty acres adjoining the village of Dakota. They built a comfortable dwelling, and lived there happily together until December, 1879, when her husband was removed by death, to join the angelic host above.
   "DIED.-At his home in Dakota, Ill., Dec. 19, 1879, Daniel Sidles, aged seventy-two years, nine months and twelve days. He was born in Dauphin County, Pa., but mostly retired in Somerset County. He was married to Catharine Zorn in 1828, with whom he lived happily until his death. They have lived in Stephenson County twenty-five years. Forty years ago he was "born again," and has since shown Jesus' power to keep. He was not able to be down for more than a year, and his sufferings were intense, yet his soul triumphed over pain, and God was 'an ever present help.' He feared the Lord and walked in His ways, and saw his children's children and peace upon Israel.' He was buried Sunday, the 23d. George H. Wells, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, his pastor, preached at his request from the 128th Psalm. He leaves a wife, four sons and five daugthters. the father being the first to break the family ranks. The old settlers and their families turned out largely, and many wept, as memories past find prospects future passed in visions before them. Blessed are the dead that die in the Lord."'
   Mr. and Mrs. Springman continued residents of Stephenson County, Ill., until the spring of 1875, when they came to this county, and Mr. S. soon afterward purchased eighty acres of land, which is now included in his present farm. He had only $800 in money, and in the building up of his homestead commenced upon an uncultivated tract with few implements or other conveniences. He was prospered, however, and in due time added to his real estate, and gradually abandoning his operations as a tiller of the soil, turned his attention to the easier and more lucrative business of a stock-raiser. He usually keeps a herd of sixty-five head of cattle, besides horses and swine. A man honest and fearless in the expression of his opinions, he gives his support to the Democratic party, and has carefully avoided the responsibilities of office otherwise than serving as Assessor and in the minor positions in his precinct, which it is important should be filled by competent men.
   Both Mr. and Mrs. Springman are members in good standing of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which Mr. S. has contributed liberally, and is a Trustee. Socially, as; an ex-soldier, he belongs to the G. A. R., of Palmyra. He is the father of three children by his present wife--John D., Clayton I. and Estella C.
   The parents of our subject, John and Agnes (Stull) Springman, were natives of Pennsylvania, the former of whom died at the age of sixty-one years, in January, 1861, at his home in Pennsylvania. The mother survived her husband twelve years, Spending her last years with her son Fred, in Pennsylvania, and passed away in 1873, at the advanced age of seventy-five. The paternal grandfather, Mesias Springman, was a native of Germany, and crossing the Atlantic during his early manhood, settled in Lycoming County, Pa., where he carried on farming find spent the remainder of his days. The hereditary traits of his character, honesty, industry, and his unostentatious manner of living, were transmitted in a marked degree to his descendants.

OSPEH SAUNDERS, one of the very first settlers of Palmyra Precinct. came to the present site of the city of Hendricks as early as 1857, eleven years before the Territory of Nebraska was admitted to the Union as a State. He took up a homestead claim on the South Branch of the Nemaha, and here he has since lived. He improved a valuable farm from the wilderness, and

is numbered among the most enterprising men of the county. He avails himself of the latest improved machinery, has a substantial and commodious dwelling, ample barns and other out-buildings, a choice assortment of live stock, and everything indicating the modern and progressive agriculturist. While uniformly successful in his business and farming transactions he was most fortunate in the selection of a wife and helpmate, Mrs. Saunders being a lady of more than ordinary intelligence, a thorough and careful housekeeper, and fully alive to all those little details which make home the most attractive spot on earth, and conduce to the happiness and comfort of the family. The homestead presents one of the pleasantest pictures of rural life, where peace and plenty reign, and upon which Providence has smiled in an unusual manner.
   The family history of our subject is in its main points as follows: His father, Thomas Saunders, was born near Bowling Green, in Virginia, in 1804, The paternal grandfather was of English descent, and served as a soldier in the Revolutionary War. He spent his last years in Pennsylvania. The mother of our subject was in her girlhood Miss Leah Hudson, and the parents were married in the Old Dominion. Shortly afterward they emigrated to the vicinity of what is now Etna, Ohio, where he worked as a carpenter, and also by degrees converted a tract of timber land into a good farm, A man of strong anti-slavery principles, he concluded to leave his native State on account of his hatred of that peculiar institution. From Ohio, in 1848, he removed to Jackson County. Iowa, where he purchased a half-section of land, and subsequently added to it forty acres more. He continued there until the death of the mother, which took place in 1875 when she was seventy-six years old--the same age as her own mother at the time of her decease.
   After the death of his wife Thomas Saunders retired from active labor, and made his home with his sons in Chautauqua County, Kan., where his death took place in 1876. Both parents were members in good standing of the Baptist Church. They had a family of eight children, viz: John, David, deceased; Jackson, Washington; Joseph, our subject; Isaac and Mary, deceased, and Samuel. The latter during the late war served as a Union soldier in an Iowa regiment under the command of Gen. Grant. He is now living in Crawford County, Kan.
   The subject of this sketch was born in Greenfield County, Ohio, Feb. 24, 1835, and remained on the farm of his father until reaching his majority. The second school-house in which he pursued his studies was built of hewn logs and plank, and he attended school mostly in the winter season, assisting in the labors of the farm during the summer, He remained at home a year after reaching his majority, and then in the spring of 1857 started for the West with a yoke of oxen, crossing the principal streams on a flatboat, and a month later found himself in this county. At that day there was not even a steam ferry. He crossed the Missouri River at the present site of Nebraska City, on the 10th of March, and a week later selected the land which comprises a part of his present homestead. He built the first fence in this section of the country, and constructed a dwelling of logs for his first shelter. The fine grove of cottonwood trees which stands adjacent to the present residence has grown from the sprouts which Mr. Saunders pulled up along the Missouri River bottom with his own hands. Besides these he has a tine orchard of 300 trees, and other fruit and shade trees in abundance, all planted by himself. It is hardly necessary to say that he watched the growth of these with fatherly solicitude, and his retrospection over a period of thirty years has been in the main a very pleasant one. Game at that time was very plentiful, elk and deer being abundant within a radius of thirty miles. Mr. Saunders was present at the first burial in Hendricks Precinct, and assisted in making the coffin.
   The lady who has been the companion of our subject for a period of over thirty years became his wife July 10, 1856, the wedding taking place at her home in Jackson County, Iowa. Her maiden name was Louisa Hendricks. She was born in Delaware County, Ind., Nov. 16, 1835, and is the daughter of George B. and Sicily (Thompson) Hendricks, who were natives of Kentucky and Virginia respectively, and spent their lives in Nebraska. A sketch of them will be found elsewhere

in this volume. To our subject and his estimable wife there have been born thirteen children, two of whom, Melissa and George, died, aged six months and five years respectively. The others are: Albert, deceased; Laureta, Arminta C., Margaretta, Joseph, Charlotte, Mary L.; Janette, deceased; James, Norah and Jennie. They are now mostly residents of Nebraska. Mr. Saunders in earlier life supported the Republican party, but his warm interest in the temperance cause led him later to array himself on the side of the Prohibitionists. He was three times chosen as a delegate to the Republican conventions, and has always been a busy, wide awake man, giving his support and encouragement to the enterprises calculated for the best good of the people. He was at one time identified with the South Branch Grange, and both he and Mrs. Saunders have for many years been active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Hendricks, in which Mr. S. officiates as Class-Leader. It is hardly necessary to say that they are known throughout the greater portion of the county, and they open hospitable doors to hosts of friends.

W. FRENZEL. The thrifty and industrious German element has made itself felt largely in the Great West, and in no section has it accomplished more admirable results than in Southern Nebraska. The subject of this sketch is one of the finest representatives of his nationality, and owns a valuable farm of 240 acres on section 19, in Wyoming Precinct, and 193 acres in Berlin Precinct. This he brought up from an uncultivated condition, has tilled the soil to the best advantage, and effected the improvements naturally suggested to the modern and enterprising agriculturist.
   Mr. Frenzel has been in possession of the homestead which he now occupies since the spring of 1872. He first purchased eighty acres, and subsequently added a quarter-section, and has effected all the improvements which have made it one of the most valuable estates in this part of Otoe County. His family consists of an intelligent and estimable wife and six children, namely: Mary, Edwin, Richard, Louisa, Gertrude and Bismark. Three other children died in infancy. The survivors are bright and intelligent, the eldest fifteen years of age and the youngest two.
   The Province of Schlesien, Prussia, contained the early home of our subject, where he was born beneath the modest roof of his parents, Nov. 19, 1848. The latter were Traugott and Christina (Donad) Frenzel, who were of pure German ancestry, and natives of the same Province is their son. The father carried on farming in a limited manner, but in the spring of 1872 resolved to seek his fortunes in America, having been persuaded to this step by some of his elder children who had already emigrated. Coming directly to Nebraska, he established himself on eighty acres of land in Wyoming Precinct, where, with his excellent wife, he is still living. They are aged seventy-five and fifty-eight respectively, and are people generally respected their neighbors, while they have for many years been devout members of the Lutheran Church.
   Our subject was the eldest of seven children, three sons and four daughters comprising the parental family, and in common with the youth of Germany was carefully educated, and received that home training which prepared him for the future duties of life. After leaving school he learned the trade of a stonemason. In 1869 he announced to his parents that he was coming to America., They raised little objection to this scheme, which they considered really quite sensible, and he thus preceded them three years, being comfortably established and ready to welcome them when they came here. He followed his trade three years after coming to Nebraska.
   Mr. Frenzel came to the United States a single man, but in March of 1873, a year after the arrival of his parents, was united in marriage, in Wyoming Precinct, with Mrs. Sophia (Karsten) Wehling.
   The wife of our subject was born in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg, Germany, Sept. 6, 1849, and emigrated with her parents to America in 1866, when a young girl of seventeen years. They came at once to Nebraska, the year before it was admitted into the Union as a State, settling among the pioneers of Berlin Precinct, this county.
   Mr. and Mrs. Frenzel began their wedded life