the wilderness, Later he erected a substantial, two-story, hewed log house, and other necessary farm buildings, and resided there until his death in 1863. His widow is still living on the old homestead. There were eight children in their family, as follows: Anton, who died at the old home in 1888; Mary, who married Joseph Lemberger, is now deceased; Katrina, who married John Steiner, and lives in Manitowoc County, Wis.; Theresa, who married Henry Fetzer, and lives in Lancaster County, Neb.; Frances, who married Fabian Heitzmann, and lives in Gage County, Neb.; Joseph, who lives in Manitowoc County; Mrs. Guthmann; Maggie, who married John Smith, and lives in Manitowoc County, Wis.
   The life of Mr. Guthmann has been an active one, full of enterprise and stirring incident, and through all he preserved the cool headedness and good judgment which enabled him to acquire the fortune he is now enjoying. On an adjoining page appears an excellent portrait of this well-known resident.

ON. A. M. ROSE, an honored resident of Union Village, occupies an honorable place among the prominent pioneers of Nebraska, who were its earliest settlers. He settled in Nebraska City before it was surveyed, and at the time there were but very few settlements of whites in the whole Territory, it then being the home of the Indian. Mr. Rose is thoroughly conversant with the early history of this portion of the great West, and converses very interestingly of his experiences here at the time, and of the many pioneer incidents that fell under his notice. It was the custom for settlers coming here then to pay tribute to the Indians for the noble privilege of settling on this side of the Missouri River. This was to prevent thievery by the redskins as there was then no law to protect the property of the white settlers in Indian Territory, and the sum of money exacted was $10 for the men who had stock and $5 for those who did not.
   When Mr. Rose first crossed the Missouri at Nebraska City he found only a few buildings besides the abandoned forts of the Government, and a wild and desolate country surrounding the town, which was then known as Ft. Kearney. It was at about that time that Maj. Gatewood, Indian agent for the Otoes and other Indian tribes on this side of the Missouri River, acting under instructions from the United States Government, ordered the settlers off their lands in this State. This order, however, was never executed, as Maj. Gatewood himself did not favor the idea, and through Maj. Downs succeeded in circulating the report that the settlers would leave, and that seemed to satisfy the authorities at Washington. Maj. Downs, who was one of the original settlers of Nebraska City, and once owned a large part of its present site, had charge of the abandoned forts of the Government at that point. He was one of the most prominent men in the Territory, and he and his wife were particular friends of the natives and exerted great influence over them, understanding their language and customs, and the Indians placed implicit confidence in them and would swear by them. This trust proved of great advantage to Mrs. Downs, as at one time her rights to a claim that her husband had taken were threatened by a quarrelsome man who lived on the Iowa side. But by the aid of her savage allies Mrs. Downs was enabled to hold her own despite his attempts to wrest her land from her. All such incidents in the early history of Nebraska are perfectly familiar to Mr. Rose, as he was acquainted with every man (official or civilian), woman and child for miles around, he carried the chain for Charles Pierce and Dr. Dewey, the gentlemen who made the first survey of the city. In Territorial days our subject took a conspicuous part in the management of public affairs, and in 1855 represented Cass and Otoe Counties in the Second Territorial Legislature that was convened in Nebraska.
   In the spring of 1859 Mr. Rose returned to his old home in Trumbull County, Ohio, and remained there six years. On his return to this part of the country a second time he settled on land in Cass County. On his first arrival in Nebraska he entered land that is now occupied by the packing-house. He afterward sold that place, and coming to Liberty Precinct, purchased a farm on the banks of Weeping Water Creek, not far from its mouth,

and here he began to build up an entirely new home from the wild prairie, in which he lived until his recent retirement from active life to a pleasant place in Unionville. He has a good farm of 100 acres, which he has put in a fair state of improvement.
   Mr. Rose was born in the township of Bristol, Trumbull Co., Ohio, Jan. 1, 1824, and was there reared and educated. He learned the cooper's trade, but never followed it after he came West. His father, Ira Rose, was a shoemaker by calling, and ran a small farm at the same time. He was a native of Connecticut, and came of an old New England family of English extraction. He grew to manhood in the State of his nativity, there learned his trade, and later was married, Julia Maltby, also of Connecticut birth, and of similar parentage and descent, becoming his wife. She moved with her husband to Trumbull County, Ohio, when that county and State were almost an unbroken wilderness, and a few years after their advent there she died, leaving four children. Mr. Rose married for his second wife Mrs. Betsy Barnes, nee Morley, a native of Massachusetts, coming of a good family. It is thought that she married her first husband in Ohio. To her and Mr. Rose were born five children, of whom our subject was the eldest. She was a woman of exceptionally fine character, and her death, in 1844, was a serious loss to her family. Mr. Rose was married a third time, Laura Preston becoming his wife. They subsequently moved to Geauga County, Ohio, and there Ira Rose died, at the age of nearly fourscore years. He was a man whom to know was to respect, as his every act and deed were governed by right motives, and his integrity was unquestioned.
   The Hon. A. M. Rose, of this biographical notice, was married in Bristol Township, Ohio, Oct. 8, 1845, Miss Sobrina Webster becoming his wife, and for over forty years they have traveled life's road together as true and devoted companions. Mrs. Rose was born March 28, 1824, in Chautauqua County, N. Y., her parents being Joseph and Olive (Ackley) Webster, likewise natives of the Empire State. They were reared and married there, the latter event occurring in Chautauqua County, where they began life together as farmers near Dunkirk.
   In 1834 they removed with their family to Ohio, and settled on a farm in Bristol Township, and there both departed this life, Mr. Webster in 1859, when about seventy-eight years old, and his wife some years before, when less than sixty years of age. She was an active member of the Christian Church, and he of the Methodist. In politics he was a sound Whig. Mrs. Rose was one of the youngest of eight children, all girls, born to her parents, all of whom lived to be married and rear families, and three of them are yet living. Mrs. Rose was reared in her father's home and educated in Ohio, and since marriage has been one of those whole-souled, faithful wives, loving and wise mothers, and of her happy marriage seven children have been born, of whom four died in infancy. Those living are: G. Albert, a store-keeper in Union, who married Elizabeth Dodge; Lalla K., the wife of Charles Barrow, a farmer in Liberty Precinct; and Virgil E., at home, is going to manage his father's farm, as he is now nearly twenty-one years old.
   Our subject is a man of acknowledged integrity, of unblemished honor, broad and liberal in his views of life and its many problems, and of more than average vigor of mind. Such a man was an invaluable citizen in pioneer days, and is not less so at the present time. Mrs. Rose is a devoted member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, while Mr. Rose, holding advanced opinions on religious questions has not identified himself with any church, contributing liberally to the one in which his wife is interested. He has been an active local politician, and has always voted the Republican ticket.

ON. JAMES M. HIGGINS, a resident of Tipton Precinct, at present (1888) represents his district in the State Senate, and is spoken highly of by his constituents, members of the Democratic party. He was elected to the office in the fall of 1886, and is discharging his duties in a conscientious and intelligent manner. The present Assembly is the twentieth session of the Nebraska Legislature, and there are naturally many interesting questions constantly arising, especially

that pertaining to the relations between capital and labor in which subject Mr. Higgins is especially interested. He is a man of good sound sense, self-educated, and has had a practical experience in life, which enables him to take a practical view of those interests most nearly affecting the common people.
   A native of Franklin County, Ohio, our subject was born near the city of Columbus, then in its infancy, Nov. 22, 1826. His parents were Samuel and Permelia (Patrick) Higgins, the former a native of Prince George County, Md., and the latter born near Petersburg, in Virginia, in 1803. The paternal grandfather, Samuel Higgins, Sr., also a native of Maryland, emigrated to Ohio soon after it had been admitted into the Union as a State, and prior to the War of 1812. He converted a portion of the wilderness into a well-regulated farm, became prominent as a stock-raiser, and there spent the remainder of his days. He was a substatial (sic) citizen in all respects.
   Grandfather Thomas Patrick was a native of Ireland, and upon emigrating to America settled first in the Old Dominion. Thence he too emigrated to Franklin County, Ohio, and carried on agriculture successfully until resting from his earthly labors. Samuel Higgins, the father of our subject, was a lad twelve years of age when he went with his family to Ohio, and was reared among the pioneer scenes of the Buckeye State. He possessed a large portion of the business talents of his father, speculated considerably in lands, and also operated as a stock-buyer, at the same time carrying on the cultivation of his farm, which he cleared from the wilderness. He was at one period in his life the owner of a fine property, but by an unfortunate venture lost the whole of it. He only lived to be middle aged, dying in 1843, when forty-two years old. He was a man of strong character and decided views, and was regarded as one of the shrewdest business men in Franklin County.
   The mother of one subject survived her husband a period of forty-five years. She was a second time married, to Jacob Myers, who died in 1858. After his death she remained a widow until her death in March, 1888, at the home of our subject, at the advanced age of eighty-four years. The parental family included five children, namely: James Madison, our subject; Tabitha A., who died when forty years old; John, a resident of Jefferson County, this State; Sarah and Samuel, who died in infancy. John during the late Civil War served in the Missouri State Militia.
   Our subject pursued his first studies in the subscription schools of the Hawkeye State, and at the age of fifteen entered the academy at Columbus, where he spent two years. He made his home at the farm until reaching his majority, and being a bright and observant youth became possessed of a fund of useful information, which paved the way to his future success. At the age of eighteen he officiated as a pedagogue three months, and afterward, going to Columbus, began an apprenticeship at the carpenter trade. He worked at the bench, however, only about eighteen months, then resumed teaching, but later worked as a carpenter during the summer season and taught school in winter for several years, thereafter.
   In the spring of 1847 Mr. Higgins was given the post of superintendent of repairs and bridge builder of the Mad River & Lake Erie Railroad. This occupied his time for three years. In the meantime he put up the first depot in the present flourishing city of Springfield, Ohio, among other structures of note at that time. Later we find him a contractor in connection with the county courthouse, and in the winter of 1850 he taught school in Marion County, Ohio. The spring following he was married, and settled upon a farm in Marion County, pursuing farming and carpentering for the four years following.
   In the spring of 1854, determined upon seeing something of the Great West, Mr. Higgins started overland with a team for Iowa, and distinguished himself as one of the first settlers of Clark County. He purchased in the forest 320 acres of Government land, constructed a sawmill on Long Creek, speculated in land, and sojourned there until the outbreak of the war. He watched the course of the struggle a year, and then, seeing no prospect of its termination, proffered his services as a Union soldier in Company B, 18th Iowa Infantry, and was assigned to the Army of the West and operated on the frontier. Later they were ordered

to join Sherman's army at Cairo, Ill., whence they proceeded to St. Louis and from there to Springfield, Mo.
   At this point a corps was organized, and they proceeded to do battle with the rebels and guerrillas in that vicinity, during which time Mr. Higgins was assigned to provost duty at Springfield, Mo., for a period of eleven months. In the fall of 1863 he went with his regiment after the rebel General, Price, in the northern part of the State, driving him across the Arkansas River, then proceeded to Ft. Smith, remaining there on post duty until April, 1864.
   The regiment of our subject was now assigned to the command of Gen. Thayer, and sent to the vicinity of Camden, Ark. They skirmished thirty days toward Camden, and were nearly starved to death on account of failure of expected forage. About that time was fought the battle of Parsons Springs, when the regiment was nearly cut to pieces, but Mr. Higgins fortunately escaped with a few others to Camden. Thence they were sent back to Ft. Smith, where they remained until the close of the war, being mustered out on the 26th of August, 1865.
   Our subject now proceeded homeward as rapidly as steam could take him, and resumed the peaceful pursuits of agriculture and carpentering, combined with stock-raising. He had in the meantime established a sawmill in Clarke County, which he now sold, together with other property, and changed his residence to Page County. In this latter he purchased 160 acres of land, upon which he effected considerable improvement, and rented 400 acres besides, operating thus an area of 560 acres. This employed his time and attention until the spring of 1878.
   Mr. Higgins now disposed of his interests in the Hawkeye State and started for Nebraska overland with teams, crossing the Missouri at Nebraska City and made his way to Tipton Precinct, this county, locating shortly afterward on section 11, securing 120 acres of land, which he still owns and occupies. Upon this not a furrow had been turned, and there was no evidence that its soil had ever been pressed by the foot of a white man. After providing a shelter for his family Mr. Higgins began planting fruit and forest trees, and erected, as his means justified, the buildings, one after another, necessary for his comfort and convenience. A noticeable feature in the homestead is the fine grove of 150 maple and cottonwood trees, which retain their living green in winter and summer alike, and serve to make a most pleasant picture in the landscape. A large portion of the farm is enclosed with hedge fencing, and for the last few years Mr. Higgins has given his attention largely to stock-raising, keeping about twelve head of horses and a goodly assortment of cattle and swine. The present residence was completed in the spring of 1878, and is in every respect suitable to the requirements of the modern household.
   The marriage of Mr. Higgins with Miss May Stiverson took place in Marion County, Ohio, March 28, 1851. This lady was born in that county, in 1827, and is the youngest of seven children, the offspring of David and Mary (Barnes) Stiverson, who were natives respectively of Kentucky and Ohio. The father was numbered among the well-to-do farmers of the Buckeye State, and with his estimable partner, is now deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Higgins there were born nine children, the eldest of whom, Byron, is farming in Page County, Iowa; Elon is the wife of David Edwards, a well-to-do farmer of Washington County, Kan.; John, who has inherited a large portion of his father's enterprise, is stock-buyer for the Occidental Provision Company, at Lincoln, this State, where he resides; William M. is residing in Tipton Precinct, this county; Mary J. is the wife of D. Allen, a farmer of Custer County, this State; James M., Jr., is farming in Dundee County, together with his brother Frank; Charles is at home with his parents; Permelia died when three years old.
   Mr. Higgins in the spring of 1882 consented to become the candidate of his party for the State Legislature, being on the minority ticket, but was defeated by a small majority. Two years later he again ran on the Democratic ticket, and was elected a member of the Nineteenth General Assembly, serving with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. In 1886 he was made a State Senator. Prior to this he had frequently been sent as a delegate to the various conventions of his

party, in which he has been an industrious worker. He is one of the oldest members of the Masonic fraternity in this county, with which he identified himself in 1856 while a resident of Iowa. He also is a member of the R. A. M., and of the G. A. R., at Elmwood. Religiously, he is an adherent of the Baptist Church.
   Mr. Higgins entered the army as a private, but upon the organization of his company was made an Orderly Sergeant, in which capacity he served five months, and was then promoted to the rank of Second Lieutenant. He was mustered out of this company as such and mustered into the same company again as First Lieutenant. Later he was tendered the office of Captain, but preferred to operate as First Lieutenant. Later he was detailed as Regimental Quartermaster, serving as such until the close of the war. His army record was creditable in the extreme.

ACOB DOMINGO, an energetic and prosperous farmer, resides on the highly improved farm on section 30, Mt. Pleasant Precinct. He is a native of Denmark, where he was born March 16, 1856, but is now an American citizen, through and through. He is a son of John and Ellen Domingo, both natives of Denmark, and is one of a family of four children. Mincus is at home in the old country; Christian is deceased; John lives in Centre Precinct, Cass Co., Neb., and Jacob, our subject. The early years of his life, until he attained his majority, were passed in his native country, where he received a good education in his native tongue. When he arrived in America he possessed no knowledge of the English language, but by close application he has mastered it to such an extent that he can speak it very fluently. He is well informed on current events.
   The life of our subject, when not in school, was passed on a farm, where he took his full share of the labor and duties. After he had obtained his education he felt there would be a greater scope for his powers in the New World, and in consequence of this decision, in the autumn of 1877, started for America, taking passage from Copenhagen on November 3d, in a steamer of the Anchor Line, which landed him in New York City November 17th of that year. He at once came westward to Ford County, Ill., where he farmed as a renter for several years. In the spring of 1882 he came to Nebraska and settled on his present farm, where he has resided ever since. He owns 160 acres of good land, which he has brought to a good state of cultivation. When he bought the land there were no improvements on it, but by energy and hard labor he has so improved it that it is now in excellent condition, considering the length of time which he has owned it.
   Our subject has begun his improvements in a systematic manner, and has a well defined plan which he is putting into effect as fast as time and circumstances will allow, and, when completed, no farm in the State will be better arranged or more convenient than his. With the exception of some $400 which he received from the estate of his father, he has had no assistance from any source whatever, having to depend entirely on his own efforts to reach the desired end, which makes him in all respects a truly self-made man.
   Mr. Domingo was married to Annie M. Anderson, Nov. 20, 1884. The lady was a native of Wisconsin, where she was born Nov. 3, 1862. She is the daughter of Peter and Annie M. Anderson. Her father is a native of Denmark. He located in Wisconsin for a time after coming to America, then removed to Ford County, Ill., where he now lives. The lady's mother was a native of Denmark, and is now deceased. Her father was married the second time, and is the head of a family of twelve children, eight of whom are living, named: Andrew, Annie M., Peter; Christiana, who is now the wife of Nelse Robison; Annie, Jennie, Lizzie and Lena. To our subject and wife there has been born one daughter, Annie E., Dec. 15, 1887.
   Our subject and his wife are active members of the Lutheran Church, conscientious and consistent in their profession. They take an important part in all social matters of their neighborhood. In politics he is a Democrat, is wide-awake and progressive, believing in the greatest good for the greatest number, and enters heartily into any pro-

ject that is intended to elevate or benefit the people. He ranks high among the leading, intelligent Danish-American citizen, of which there are a large number in Cass County. He is widely and favorably known for his integrity of character and industrious habits.

OHN MURDOCH, Thirty-four years ago, Dec. 1, 1854, Mr. Murdoch made his way to the Territory of Nebraska, and three years later settled on a tract of wild land in the southeastern part of this county, and which has been familiarly known since Liberty Precinct. His farm is in the northwest corner of the precinct. He secured by pre-emption the northwest quarter of section 6, and in the year 1859 entered upon its improvement and cultivation. It is now one of the most attractive homesteads in this part of the county, having neat and substantial buildings, good fences and farm machinery, the land assisted to fertility by a branch of the Weeping Water, and its natural resources more than ordinarily abundant. This, together with the judicious care exercised by the proprietor in its cultivation, renders the farm exceedingly valuble (sic).
   The property of Mr. Murdoch is the result of his own industry and perseverance, he having come to the West without capital, having only his stout muscles and courageous heart. He worked several years as a farm laborer before purchasing his land, and two years afterward operated in the same manner before settling upon it. As time passed on, and he found his means accumulating, he wisely invested in additional land, and is now the owner of 400 acres, all lying in Cass County. A quarter-section of this is in Rock Bluff Precinct, and eighty acres in Mt. Pleasant. The whole is in a good state of cultivation.
   The boyhood home of our subject is in Franklin Township, Richland Co., Ohio, where he was born April 17, 1834. His father, Samuel Murdoch, was a native of Maryland, a miller and millwright by trade, and emigrated to Ohio when a young man. He was married in that State to Miss Susan Poisel, who was born in Ohio, and whose family, like the Murdochs, were of Scotch ancestry. The parents of our subject began life poor in purse, and it was their lot to remain thus. They became the parents of nine children, and died in Richland County, Ohio, in middle life, and within a few months of each other.
   Our subject was a little lad only eight years of age when he was orphaned by the death of his parents. He was the youngest of the household, and made his home with his brothers and sisters until able to earn his own living. He then started out to work for the farmers in his neighborhood, and continued a resident of his native State until coming to Nebraska. He found a bride in this county, being married Oct. 27, 1861, in Mt. Pleasant Precinct, to Miss Sarah H. Oliver. This lady was born in Edgar County, Ill., April 17, 1843, and is the daughter of Rev. Lutheran and Cyrene J. (Rounsavell) Oliver, who were natives respectively of Vermont and Ohio. They emigrated to Illinois in their youth, and were married in Edgar County. The father later entered the ministry of the Methodist Church, and after a few years' sojourn in Illinois, crossed the Mississippi River into Wapello County, Iowa, where he took up his abode on a farm, but continued his pious labors as a local preacher from 1844 until 1859. The family then all came to Nebraska and settled on a tract of new land in Mt. Pleasant Precinct, this county, where the father still labored as a farmer and "circuit rider." He exerted himself industriously for the comfort of his family, and deemed no sacrifice too great to insure their well-being and happiness. At the same time he was also a public-spirited citizen, and evinced an interest in the moral and religious welfare of the people about him.
   Mr. Oliver after a sojourn of some years in this county changed his residence to Seward County, taking up a homestead and settling once more upon a tract of new land, still continuing as a farmer and a preacher, and traveled over a large portion of Western Nebraska in the pursuance of his pious duties. Finally, worn out from hard labor, he was persuaded to take up his abode at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Murdoch, where he spent his last days, passing away Nov. 15, 1884, at the ripe old age of seventy-four years. He was