est attempt at improvement. The latter, like his son, proceeded with the cultivation of the soil, and lived to be quite aged, his death occurring June 10, 1880, after he had spanned seventy-five long years. The mother is still living, and has now attained the age of seventy-eight. She, with her husband, identified herself with the Methodist Episcopal Church many years ago, and in the doctrines of this denomination their children were carefully trained: The latter consisted of two sons, who are now in Nebraska.
   When Mr. Krause and his father came to this county they had between them about $100. They had paid $250 for their land. With the remaining cash in hand they purchased a cook stove, a cow and some provisions, and began tiling the soil with a yoke of steers, which they secured on time. They operated in this manner for a period of three years, and then, going over into Richardson County, traded the steers for a span of horses, giving $100 to boot. The first dwelling of the family was a log cabin, which our subject put up in 1867, and which he occupied with the family until the erection of the present residence, which is a substantial frame structure of six rooms, and which was completed in the fall of 1883. The log house was situated in the timber down on the creek. The farm buildings which Mr. Krause now has are finely located, and in every way admirably adapted to the convenience and comfort of the proprietor. Forty acres of timber add to the value of the estate, and the land which is not devoted to the growing of grain exhibits a fine stretch of pasture.
   The marriage of our subject with Miss Hannah Billing, of Pawnee County, this State, was celebrated at the home of the bride, near the town of Pawnee City, on the 20th of July, 1875. This lady is the daughter of Leonard and Agnes (Bodendorfer) Billing, who were natives of Germany. The mother passed away some years before the marriage of her daughter Hannah, but the father is still living and a resident of Pawnee. Of this union there have been born five children, viz: Joseph, Sophia, Ida, Leonard and Matilda. They are all living, and form an interesting group, of which the parents may justly be proud.
   Mr. Krause is a very intelligent man and possesses considerable literary ability, being the correspondent of several papers as a reporter of country news. He lays no claim to being a politician, but entertains the interest which is felt by every intelligent man in the prosperity of his county and State, and usually votes the Republican ticket. He has served on the School Board of his precinct for a period of twelve years, officiated as Moderator nine years, and as Director three years. In the spring of 1871 he was elected Assessor of Sterling Precinct, and discharged its duties, as has been his habit in all the relations of life, in a praiseworthy and conscientious manner.

[The KRAUSE article above was typed for NEGenWeb Project by Beth Atkins-Gatewood <pepper1@sunset.net>. Her genealogy research includes the surnames: ATKINS, BILLING, KRAUSE, MACY and SWITZER.Thank you, Beth.]

ASON L. PHILLIPS, widely and favorably known as the proprietor of the feed mill and store at the corner of Clay and Eighth streets, was born in 1831, in Oswego County, N. Y. He remained with his parents until twenty years of age, which time had been filled with the usual employments of boyhood and youth. Upon leaving his native State he went to Lake County, Ill., and purchased a farm. For the subsequent three years he made his home thereon, and was very successful. Selling that property, he went to Jackson County, Iowa, and later to Linn County. There he had a farm, but devoted more attention to threshing than was usual. He lived to see considerable improvement upon the threshing-machines used when he first began, and was always deeply interested in them. He has himself invented quite a number of different improvements, and has made at least eleven different "separators." He holds a patent upon seven different points, which are much valued, and used upon almost every machine constructed at present.
   Although he does not go out himself, our subject still continues to run quite a large business in threshing. The most he does is occasionally, when circumstances press, to oversee the work until such pressure is removed. In 1867 Mr. Phillips sold his property in Linn County, Iowa, and came to Tecumseh. He purchased land in Nemaha Precinct, and improved the same, living upon it in all about nine years. At the end of that period he

sold the place and came to the city, where he has been engaged in the manufacture of wagons and washing machines. He has invented one of the latter, which has had quite an extensive sale and is much commended. He still runs a repair shop in connection with his feedmill, and turns out a large variety of work in excellent shape.
   Upon the 6th of March, 1861, our subject and Miss Julia McComber were united in marriage, and have become the parents of nine children, of whom six survive. Their names are recorded as follows: Hattie, Daniel, Julia, Addie and Emma (twins), and W. Sheldon. Mrs. J. L. Phillips is the daughter of Alonson and Sarah (Chase) McComber, and was born in the State of New York, on the 16th of May, 1834, and until her marriage made her home with her parents. Mr. McComber was by occupation a farmer, and held property in Oswego County, N. Y., but for the last ten years of his life resided in California, where he went for gold soon after 1849.
   Hattie Phillips, the eldest living daughter of our subject, is happily married to Oscar Whittin, a farmer of Oregon, and is the mother of four children; Daniel is living in Southern California, and is freighting with teams; he is married to Miss Nettie Carter, of Peru, Neb. The third child is unmarried, and resides with her uncle in California; Addie makes her home with her sister in Oregon; the two younger members of the family are still at home.
   The eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Phillips, Florence J., died in April, 1882, in Oregon, and her remains were placed in the Oswego Cemetery, a beautiful city of the dead, ornamented with evergreens and fir trees. She was an interesting young lady, beloved by all who knew her.
   Horace Phillips, the father of our subject, was born in Vermont, but migrated to the Empire State when about twenty-five years of age. He followed agriculture as the chosen occupation of his life. He was the owner of a good and extensive farm in Oswego County, upon which he continued to live until he attained a good old age, and then removed to his children in Illinois, and still later to Iowa. In that State he died at the age of seventy-seven. The maiden name of his wife was Susan Weed, a native of Vermont. They, were the parents of eleven children, all of whom came to mature years, and all but one of them still survive. Mrs. S. W. Phillips died in Iowa, in 1861, at the advanced age of sixty-five years.
   The Phillips family has for several generations been representative of the best class of American citizenship, and that of our subject in no way detracts from so worthy a history. Throughout the county he is much esteemed, and as a business man enjoys a fine reputation. In society at large both he and his are received and accorded sincerest regard.

UDGE THOMAS APPELGET, of the First Judicial District of Nebraska, a gentleman whose history is here sketched, is in every way able to sustain the dignity of his office, and to deal with even-handed justice toward those who may stand before him in his official capacity. He was chosen to fill his present high position because of his unusual ability as an attorney and counselor at law. His large mental capacity, his extensive reading and many years of practice in the profession, abundantly warranted the selection, and subsequent events have shown that it was right.
   Judge Appelget was born on the 22d of November, 1832, in New Jersey. He was brought up on a farm, and remained at the old homestead until he was about eighteen years of age. He then went to Williston Seminary, in Massachusetts. After this he read law with Judge Van Dyke, at New Brunswick, N. J. In the intervals he taught school, and by that means was enabled to cover all his expenses during student days. He was admitted to the bar in New Jersey in the year 1866, after successfully passing a rigid, searching examination, and was ready to practice his chosen profession.
   Answering a call for men to defend the Stars and Stripes, and maintain the Nation's honor, our subject enlisted in Company B, of the 28th New Jersey Regiment, serving for a term of one year, entering as a private, and by ability and military daring attracting such attention as to be advanced to the

rank of Lieutenant, and afterward made Adjutant of the regiment, a fact which speaks by no means uncertainly as to his character and military efficiency.
   In 1870 Judge Appelget came to Tecumseh and opened a law office, and since that time has been engaged in the practice of law. It was a very short time before his list of clients had lengthened to a surprising extent, and his receipts from his practice gave him entire freedom from any financial anxiety. He is entitled to practice in all courts of the United States, and is an eloquent pleader, ready upon all points of argument, and accounted quite an ultimate authority in almost any legal matter that may come under discussion.
   He was appointed to the bench in May, 1887, and was elected in November, 1887, to fill the full term of four years, beginning in January, 1888.
   The lady to whom our subject was united in marriage was Miss Helen Voorhees, of the State of New Jersey. This interesting event was celebrated at Windsor, March 1, 1855. To them have been born two children, both of whom are living. The elder child of Judge Appelget, Anthony M., was associated with his father until he went on the bench, and now takes full charge of the office business. His daughter Mary is at home. The wife of our subject was born in the above State, in September, 1830, and is the daughter of John Voorhees, one of the prominent farmers of that place. She received a good education, and is a lady of culture and much innate refinement.
   Judge Appelget now lives near the city of Tecumseh, and is the owner of a very fine residence on Fifth street, just outside the corporation limits. He has about five acres devoted to the lawn, besides the usual gardens and picturesque groves, etc. He is also the owner of several important pieces of city property, and two extensive and well-cultivated farms in the county, possessing good buildings.
   Our subject has been the County Attorney for a number of years, but has always preferred to keep out of office. In his own private affairs he had as much as it was possible for him to attend to, and was eminently successful therein. By all who know him, he is accounted one of the most valued and prominent citizens of Tecumseh, and enjoys the entire respect of the community at large, and, if anything, more than respect of his colleagues in his professional circles. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has been so for a long time. During the year 1887 he was Commander of the G. A. R. Post, and served with much efficiency. Although exceedingly well liked in the city, being pleasant in manner, very social and affable, he at all times upholds the dignity which he feels is associated with the tribunal he represents.
   Anthony Appelget, the father of our subject, was born in the year 1802, on the old homestead in Middlesex County, N. J., which has been in the possession of the family since the year 1754. There he spent all of his days, occupying the position of a prominent farmer, much respected in the community, holding at different times various offices in the county, a man whose word was considered equal to his bond, a worthy sire of a no less worthy son.
   The maiden name of his wife, the mother of our subject, was Lena Riggs. She presented her husband with six children, and in this family the sexes were evenly represented. Of these two sons and two daughters came to years of maturity. Mrs. Appelget, Sr., died in the year 1835, and some time afterward he married again, and is still living upon the farm.
   Thomas Appelget, the grandfather of our subject, was born upon the same farm, and operated it for the greater part of his life, dying upon it in the year 1830. His father's name was Anthony Appelget, a soldier in the Revolutionary War, in which he met his death. He also was ushered into this world at the same homestead. Thomas Appelget, the father of Anthony, and great-great-grandfather of our subject, was a native of England, and was by occupation a blacksmith. He purchased the farm upon coming to this country, in the year 1754, as above mentioned.
   Helena (Riggs) Appelget was born in Middlesex County, N. J., living there with her parents until the time of her marriage. She was the daughter of Lewis and Ida Riggs, to whom she was born in the year 1804. Her father was one of the prominent, successful and enterprising farmers of the county.
   Anthony M. Appelget, the son of our subject, received an excellent education in the schools of

Tecumseh, and afterward from the State University at Lincoln, Neb., then entering the law department of the Iowa University he was graduated with the class of '78, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was the same year admitted to the bar in Iowa and Nebraska, to practice in all courts. Since that time he has continued in the practice of his profession with his father, assuming entire control of the business on the elevation of that gentleman to the bench. His wife was Miss Mary C. Paine, of this county. Their union was celebrated on the 27th of October, 1879. There have been five children born to them, of whom four are living, viz.: Thomas, Henry, Abbie and Clarence. For the past five years Mr. A. M. Appelget has filled with credit to himself and satisfaction to all concerned the office of City Attorney.

ANIEL F. OSGOOD is a name known and respected in professional and social circles throughout Johnson County. In Tecumseh, the home of this gentleman, he is held in special regard as one of its most prominent attorneys and able counselors-at-law. He was District Attorney for this district, covering five counties, viz.: Johnson, Pawnee, Gage, Richardson and Nemaha. He was qualified on the 1st of January, 1884, filling his office most acceptably until it was abolished, and the present office of County Attorney created.
   The subject of this sketch was born on the 26th of September, 1858, in Wayne County, Pa. He was brought up and educated in his native county, finishing his educational studies at Wyoming Seminary, at Kingston, Pa., after which he taught school for a time. He came to this State in August, 1879, and continued to follow the same profession of teaching until admitted to the bar in 1881, after having read carefully in various offices, among others those of Judge Davidson and B. F. Perkins of this city. Being admitted to the bar, he opened an office in Tecumseh, from which time his practice has been continually growing. His bright, clear intellect, strong memory, ready wit and no less ready speech, have greatly assisted in making him a successful pleader in the various courts, and, although comparatively a young man, he has already made a record worthy of imitation.
   Mr. Osgood was united in the bands of holy matrimony with Miss Mary B. Krum on the 3d of February, 1885. This lady is the daughter of Rev. Dr. J. D. Krum, of this city, and was born in New York State, on the 23d of August, 1863. She was quite a child when her parents removed to Seneca County, N. Y., where they continued to live until May of 1879, when they removed to Lewisburg, Pa. There they made their home until 1885, and then came to this city, where Miss Krum was united in marriage to our subject. They are the parents of one beautiful daughter, to whom they have given the Paine Mary Ellen. Rev. J. D. Krum was born in New York, and was graduated from Rutgers' College and Theological Seminary, where he prepared himself to follow his chosen profession. He was a Presbyterian, and the changes of location above recorded were such as were incidental to removal to and from the various churches he has served in the pastorate. At present he is not engaged in active ministerial work. His wife, mother of Mrs. Osgood, was before her marriage Miss Ellen M. Blair, of Angelica, N. Y. This event was celebrated on the 26th of June, 1861, since which time two children have been born to them, who still survive.
   The father of our subject, John S. Osgood, was born in Wayne County, Pa. He continued to follow throughout the greater part of his life the calling he had selected, viz., husbandry, and for the most part had done so in his native county, where he was held in much regard. He has been called upon at various times to hold different township offices, always doing so in a way most creditable and satisfactory. He, however, prefers to be allowed to attend to his own business, having no ambition to occupy official positions. His wife was Elizabeth Fairchild, of Luzerne County, Pa. They are the parents of three children, who are still living. He has to-day a large dairy farm in Sterling Township, of Wayne County, Pa., and with his wife enjoys much of the brightness of life. They are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, active, consistent and devout. He has

cheerfully and ably served the church in different offices when called upon. He is a man looked up to and respected by the entire community, admiring as they do his high character and consistent Christian walk and conversation.
   Daniel Osgood has before him a very bright prospect. "As the sun rises in the East" in the morning hours of the day, bathing the earth in glowing brilliancy and light, so has the sun risen on the professional life of our subject, throwing its rays far into the future, making it radiant with its promise. As a man and lawyer he is very highly esteemed by his fellows, and enjoys the confidence of quite a large clientage. He is an active worker in the various fraternities of the city, being a member of the Knights of Pythias, the I. O. O. F. and Encampment, of which he is a Past Grand and Past Chief Patriarch; also Junior and Senior Warden of the Masonic Lodge, and also being a member of the Chapter and Council.

AMES HILL, proprietor of the Tecumseh Elevator, so widely known throughout this section of the country as a most worthy representative of the grain interest, is the son of George Hill, who was born in England in 1790, and when about forty years of age came to America. While still in his native country this gentleman was married to Miss Isabel Allen. a native of Edinburgh, Scotland. They were the parents of eight children, some of whom were born on the other side of the Atlantic. They were only privileged to bring five of their children to years of maturity. Coming to this country in 1844, he settled with his family in Cass County, Ill., and was among the earliest settlers there. He took up anew farm, improved and operated it, seeing no little success attending his labors. There he made his home until his death in 1868, having survived his wife about six years.
   The place of the nativity of James Hill was Edinburgh, Scotland, and the date of that interesting event the 7th of March, 1834. At the time of the settlement in Cass County he was ten years of age. He has a vivid recollection of the early work upon the farm, when he was set to help grub out the land, and as far as he was able, help prepare it for the plow. He received a good common-school education, and did not leave the parental roof-tree until after he had attained his majority. Then he went into the milling business at Virginia, Ill. On the 20th of November, 1861, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Needham, of Jacksonville, Ill., who has presented him with seven children. Of these three sons and three daughters are living.
   After spending about seven years in the town of Virginia, Mr. Hill sold out, and in 1871 came to this State. He took up a farm about ten miles northeast of Tecumseh, and continued to work the same for perhaps four years. In 1876 he sold his property and came into the town and built the Centennial Mill, and ran it for about five years. Until that time it had been a stone mill, then he made it a roller mill, after which it became known as the Tecumseh Roller Mill. Not long afterward, in partnership with his son, he went into business as a merchant on the corner of Clay and Fourth streets, and later into the coal business. In the spring of 1886 the mill burned, and upon its site Mr. Hill erected a new elevator, which business he attends to himself, leaving his son to carry on that at the store, which was established after the burning of the mill. The coalyard he has also retained under his supervision.
   Miss Mary Needham was born on the 10th of March, 1812. at Jacksonville, Ill., and there lived until. she was fourteen years of age, when with her father. Joseph Needham, she went to Cass County, Ill., near Virginia, and there remained until her marriage. Her father was a native of England; he came to Illinois when he was about fifty years of age. In his native country he had been an agriculturist, and upon settling in Cass County took up a farm, which he is stilt operating with a large measure of success. His wife, however, was removed from him by death in the year 1876.
   George Hill, the eldest son of our subject, was born on Nov. 4, 1862. He was married to Ida Ashley, of Peru, Nebraska, and they are now the parents of three children--Ethel, Clarence and Edna. It is the son who is the member of the firm of James Hill & Son, and has charge of the store, as men-

tioned above. The next son, James, Jr., assists his father at the elevator; John is attending school; the other members of the family are Matchel (known as Mittie), Isabel and Mary. All of them have been given a thorough education, and appreciate the power it has placed in their hands. As a family they are most happy and united, and their home is one of the pleasantest in the community.
   Mr. and Mrs. Hill are much esteemed members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in society they are at all times received with a cordiality that is born of a sincere regard.

NDREW SALZMAN, one of the honored pioneers of Lincoln Precinct, may be found usually at his pleasant homestead on section 35, where he has resided since the spring of 1868. A native of Butler County, Ohio, he was born Sept. 6, 1829, and is the son of Michael and Lena (Eiman) Salzman, the father a native of the Province of Lorraine, born while it belonged to France, and the mother a native of Prussia.
   The parents of our subject emigrated to America shortly before the birth of the latter, settling in Butler County, Ohio, among its earliest pioneers, where they lived and labored until called hence. The father departed this life about 1861, and the mother in 1870. Andrew was the fifth of a family of seven children, five of whom are living, and residents of Ohio, Illinois and Nebraska.
   Our subject was reared to manhood in his native State, and enjoyed the advantages of the pioneer schools, from which he was enabled to obtain, however, only a limited education. He has been quite an extensive reader all his life, and has thus kept himself well posted in regard to matters of interest to the intelligent citizen. Upon leaving his native State in the fall of 1856, he made his way to Woodford County, Ill., and was there at the outbreak of the Rebellion. Soon after the first call for troops, he enlisted, Aug. 20, 1861, in Company K, 129th Illinois Infantry, and participated in many of the important battles of the war, being present at Resaca, and thereafter through the entire campaign, including the siege of Atlanta, also going with Sherman on his famous march to the sea. After the capture of Savannah he fought in the battle of Averasboro, N. C., where he received a gunshot wound, March 16, 1865, through the right thigh, and was confined in the hospital until the 16th of June following, when he was given his honorable discharge. He now draws a pension of $8 per month from the Government. He acquitted himself as a brave and faithful soldier, receiving the approval of his superior officers and the respect of his comrades.
   After the war Mr. Salzman returned to Illinois, and settled in Livingston County, where he resided until the spring of 1868. He then came to Nebraska with his wife and family, having been married in Woodford County, Ill., March 22, 1859, to Miss Mary E. Pogue. Mrs. Salzman was born in West Virginia, and reared in Illinois, and is the daughter of Londa J. and Rebecca (Kirby) Pogue, who were natives of Pennsylvania and New York, and are now deceased. Their family consisted of ten children, and the survivors are residents of Illinois, Indiana and Nebraska.
   To our subject and his estimable wife there has been born one child only, a daughter, Nellie, who is now the wife of Albert Russell, and who, with her husband, resides at the homestead with her parents.
   Mr. Salzman upon coming to this county at once homesteaded 160 acres of land in Lincoln Precinct, and began at once its improvement, putting up the necessary buildings and bringing the soil to a state of cultivation. He has been greatly prospered in his labors, and wisely invested his surplus capital in additional land, being now the owner of 480 acres, all of which is in a good state of cultivation. He came to this county with very little capital, and has accumulated his possessions by hard labor and the exercise of the strictest economy. In common with the early settlers of Johnson County, he with his estimable wife endured hardships and privations, and they were obliged to calculate in the closest manner for a number of years in order to make both ends meet. They have emerged from the battle with flying colors, and are now sitting under their own vine and figtree in independent circumstances, with the certainty of a competence in their declining years. Both united with the