hopper plague, and it would seem that almost any ordinary man would have packed up his merchandise and sought another country. Mr. Burow, however, had come to stay, and determined to see the end. Time has developed to what a wise issue his judgment led him. He is now not only in the enjoyment of a snug fortune, but is a man universally esteemed for his high character.
   Gottfried Burow was born May 12, 1829, in the Prussian Province of Pomerania, and lived there until a man of twenty-seven years. Upon emigrating to America he first settled in Jefferson County, Wis., where he operated a farm two years, then came to Nebraska. In this region he found a wife, being married July 10, 1872, to Miss Louisa Frank, who was born March 20, 1856, in the Province of Pomerania, Prussia, and came to Nebraska with her parents in 1877. Mr. and Mrs. B. began life together on the pioneer farm in this county, and in due time became the parents of eight children, who were named respectively; Ernest E., William, Charles, Minnie, August, George, Gottfried and Luther. They are all living, and present an interesting family group which is pleasant to look upon. They are being the recipients of a practical education, and will make good and reliable citizens, a credit to the name of their honored father.
   Gottfried Burow, Sr., father of our subject, was a native of the Province of Pomerania, Germany, a sturdy, honest, hard-working man, who provided comfortably for his family, and fulfilled life's duties in a quiet and unobtrusive manner, content to make little stir in the world. Both he and his excellent wife spent their entire lives on their native soil, and both died the fall before their son Gottfried sailed for America.

RS. POLLY HACHENBERG. The fine farm owned and operated by the lady with whose name we introduce this sketch, and which is located on section 4, Plum Creek Precinct, invariably attracts the attention of the passerby. The thorough and skillful manner in which it has been conducted is a matter of comment from all the country around. Mrs. Hachenberg, since the decease of her husband, has managed the estate with rare ability, maintaining its former reputation and increasing its value year by year. She possesses intelligence and refinement in a marked degree, and has the true conception of life in the country, and the manner in which a farm should be conducted. Her observations of life have been extended and liberal, and she is a lady who has learned well from a varied experience, losing no opportunity to acquire valuable information, whether in regard to business matters, to farm life, or the more delicate and gentle things connected with human existence.
   Mrs. Hachenberg is the daughter of an excellent family, her parents having been Dr. James and Sally (Sheffield) McNutt, the former a native of New York State, and the latter of Ohio. Her paternal grandfather, James McNutt, also a native of New York, traced his ancestry to the North of Ireland, the family having been one of those who fled to that region from Scotland on account of religious persecution. Grandfather McNutt upon leaving his native place settled upon a tract of land in Geauga County, Ohio, where he was one of the leading pioneers, and where he spent his last days. The maternal grandfather was John Sheffield, likewise born in the Empire State, and of English descent. He, too, was a pioneer of the Buckeye State, and died in Geauga County.
   James McNutt, the father of our subject, was but a boy when his parents removed from his native State to Ohio, and he afterward lived in both Knox and Delaware Counties, owning finally in the latter a farm of 100 acres. In 1851 he sold out and started for the country beyond the Mississippi, making the journey overland with a team, and pitching his tent in Allamakee County, Iowa, of which he was one of the early settlers. He improved a good farm, but, perhaps like Daniel Boone, felt pressed for room its the country became populated, and pushed on toward the frontier to this county, homesteading a tract of land in Miles Precinct. With this and the amount he purchased he was subsequently owner of 320 acres, and upon this he spent the remainder of his life, passing away in 1871. The mother survived her husband until

1875, dying at the age of sixty-eight years. Both were members of the United Brethren Church. In connection with farming the father practiced medicine for a period of twenty years. Their nine children were named respectively: Polly, Mrs. H.; Samuel, Cordelia and Mary; the three latter are deceased; Clorinda, a resident of this State; Lorana, who died in Nebraska; Sarah, James and Caroline.
   The subject of our sketch was born in Geauga County, Ohio, June 22, 1826, and was eleven years old when her parents removed to Delaware County, where she was reared to womanhood. She accompanied the family to Iowa, and in 1844 was married to Mr. Hiram Hachenberg. This gentleman was the eldest child of Jacob and Mary (Knouse) Hachenberg, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. They removed to Lagrange County, Ind., at an early day, where they spent the remainder of their lives. Mr. Hachenberg was born in Pennsylvania, May 20, 1818, and was quite young when his parents removed to Indiana, where he was reared to manhood. He served as a private through the entire Mexican War. He then went to Allamakee County, Iowa, and purchased eighty acres of land, from which he constructed a good farm. Later he removed to Benton, in Wright County, but finally returned to Allamakee, about the time of the outbreak of the Civil War. In 1862 he enlisted, and thereafter participated in some of the most important battles of the war--Chattanooga, Nashville, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge and the siege of Vicksburg, and marched with Sherman to the sea, fighting before Atlanta--in fact going through the entire war, and was mustered out in the spring of 1865. His record was similar to that of thousands of others, prolific with hardships and privations, which were borne with soldierly courage and fortitude.
   On receiving his honorable discharge from the army, Mr. Hachenberg resumed farming in Iowa, where he continued until the fall of 1867. He then determined to cast his lot among the pioneers of this county, and accordingly migrated hither overland with a team, bringing with him his family, crossing the Missouri at Brownville, and homesteading a tract of land on Wolf Creek, in Plum Creek Precinct. In due time he added forty acres to the quarter-section he had first selected, and upon this farm he effected most of the improvements which the passerby views to-day with admiring eye. He set out groves and orchards, put up a substantial dwelling, a good barn and other necessary buildings, enclosed his fields, and cross-fenced them with hedge and wire, and brought the soil to a fine state of cultivation. Later he engaged successfully in stock-raising. He died Sept. 22, 1877.
   To Mr. and Mrs. Hachenberg there came a bright and interesting family of ten children, of whom George, Hiram, Adeline and John are deceased; Mary is the wife of George Strockey, who is engaged in the grocery trade at Beatrice; Sarah, Mrs. John Haining, lives with her husband on a farm on Sardine Creek; James is married, and farming in Ness County, Kan.; Lizzie is the wife of Webster Cole, a well-to-do farmer of Washington Territory; Lucy remains at home with her mother; Bessie is the wife of A. Summers, of Washington Territory. Mr. Hachenberg uniformly voted the Republican ticket, and was a member of the State Grange.

ALEB HITCHCOCK. Notwithstanding the forbidding elements of frontier life during the early settlement of Nebraska Territory, there drifted to it many men of admirable qualities, just such men as were needed to develop its resources and bring it to its present state. In making mention of these, the name of Caleb Hitchcock cannot very properly be left out of the category. Although an individual quiet and unobtrusive in his life, he has made his impress among the agricultural interests of Clay Precinct, and has constructed one of its most creditable homesteads. A man honest and upright in his dealings, he possesses in a marked degree the solid respect and esteem of his neighbors, while his industry has placed him upon a sound footing financially.
   In looking back to the source from which our subject sprang, we find that he is the son of Lucien Hitchcock, and that his paternal grandfather, Isaac Hitchcock, was a native of Maryland, where he was reared to man's estate and married, and where his son Lucien was born. Later the family all emi-

grated to Perry County, Ohio, during the early manhood of Lucien, settling upon a tract of land from which they constructed a homestead, where Grandfather Hitchcock and his estimable wife spent their last days. Lucien was married in Perry county to Miss Penelope Marshall, who bore him nine children, of whom Caleb, our subject, was the second. Of these six are still living.
   Caleb Hitchcock was reared to man's estate in his native county, becoming familiar with the various pursuits of farm life, and acquired his education in the district schools. He was united in marriage on the 9th of October, 1851, his bride being Miss Mary Brown. This lady was the daughter of Joseph and Ann (Kelley) Brown, the former of whom served as a drummer boy all through the War of 1812. Mr. Hitchcock continued farming in the Buckeye state until 1853, then removed with his little family to Tazewell County, Ill., where he sojourned and carried on agriculture until the fall of 1877. His next removal was to this county, and his first purchase was a farm one and one-half miles south of Pawnee City. He occupied this until 1884, then purchased a farm of 200 acres on section 15, which comprises his present homestead. He also has eighty acres located elsewhere in Clay Precinct.
   Mrs. Mary (Brown) Hitchcock departed this life at the homestead in Clay Precinct, Oct. 3, 1884. when a little over fifty years of age, having been born May 10, 1834. She had united with the Methodist Episcopal Church when a maiden of seventeen years, in the faith of which she lived and died triumphantly. She was a lady possessing all the Christian virtues, and left a bereaved husband and six children to mourn their loss. Their eldest son, George W., is a resident of this county; Mary L. is the wife of Robert Cruse; Amanda E. is Mrs. Joseph P. Fost; Sarah J. is the wife of Walton Peterson; John M. is living at home; James F. died in infancy; Jacob A. is at home. Their first child died in infancy unnamed.
   On the 27th of June, 1886, Mr. Hitchcock contracted a second marriage, with Miss Jennie, daughter of George W. and Charlotte (Hoops) Reed. The parents of this lady were natives of Perry County, Ohio, where also she was born April 4, 1856. Mrs. Reed departed this life in 1857. Mr. Reed is still living, and a resident of Rawlins County, Kan. They were the parents of two children, both daughters. The elder sister of Mrs. H. is Emma, wife of James Tannyhill. Mr. Reed was thrice married after the death of his first wife.
   In religious matters Mr. and Mrs. Hitchcock are partial to the doctrines and observances of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but as there is no society of that denomination convenient to them they identified themselves with the United Brethren. Mr. Hitchcock, politically, is a firm supporter of Republican principles.

EV. ROBERT J. McCREADY, pastor of the United Presbyterian Church, and a man greatly in favor with his people and the community generally, is a native of that part of Beaver County, Pa., which is now New Galilee, and was born Feb. 14, 1840. In the family of his parents, Hugh and Agnes (Sharp) McCready, there were six children, three sons and three daughters, Robert J. being the fourth in order of birth. The parents were both natives of the Keystone State, where they spent their entire lives, liking their home in the agricultural districts. The father was a plain and industrious farmer, and the parents reared their children to habits of industry and principles of honor.
   The boyhood and youth of our subject were spent among his native hills, and he pursued his studies in the district school until approaching the age of eighteen years, when he emigrated to Ohio and entered Franklin College, from which he was graduated in 1865. Later we find him a student of the Theological Seminary at Xenia, where he spent four years, and was ordained by the Presbytery at Wheeling. In the spring of 1869 he came to Pawnee City and took charge of what was at that time a mission consisting of nine members. By his devoted efforts he has brought it up to a society of 355 members, which circumstance is sufficient proof of the industry and fidelity with which he has labored. The church edifice which they now occupy was put up in 1884, and forms a place of

resort for a large number of people outside of the regular members.
   Rev. Robert McCready was united in marriage with Miss Maggie E. Yost, of Harrison County, Ohio, Dec. 29, 1870. Mrs. McCready was born in that county, March 11, 1848, and is the daughter of Elias Yost, who is now in Harrisville, Ohio. Of this union there are six children, namely: Maggie D., Mary E., Carrie J., Eva G., Lizzie M. and Lucy V. The church and parsonage are located in the eastern part of the city, and the latter is frequented by its most cultivated people.
   During the late war Mr. McCready served two years and three months in the defense of his country, going into service at the beginning of the struggle as a member of Company K, 10th Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, attached to the Army of the Potomac, and participated in the campaign before Richmond until disabled by exposure. He received his honorable discharge in Virginia, Aug. 26, 1863.

ON. W. J. HALDERMAN, cashier and part proprietor of the Burchard Bank, a man of conspicuous ability, large enterprise, keen perception, vigorous thought and unblemished character, has played a conspicuous part in the upbuilding of Pawnee County, and today stands among the foremost citizens in business and social circles. He won an enviable military record in the late war, and as a legislator and civic officer since becoming a resident of Nebraska has again gained distinction.
   Mr. Halderman is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Butler County, April 13, 1840. His father, whose given name was Samuel, was born in Center County, the same State, in 1803, and that was also the birthplace of his mother, whose maiden name was Margaret Kohlmeyer, she having been born in 1806. His paternal grandfather, who was a native of Germany, came to America in early manhood and cast in his lot with the pioneer farmers of Center County, Pa., and was instrumental in opening up the country and developing its agriculture, and there he finally died at an extreme old age. George Kohlmeyer, the maternal grandfather of our subject, was born in Hanover, Germany, and was a soldier in one of the German wars, receiving at one time a sword thrust through the shoulder, which came near ending his life. After leaving the army he turned his attention to farming, and eventually emigrated to America, where he engaged in the same occupation in Center County, Pa. He subsequently moved to Butler County, in the same State, and there his life was closed at the advanced age of eighty-five years.
   The father of our subject was reared to the life of a farmer on his father a homestead, and received but limited school advantages. He was married in his native county, and there began farming on his own account, eliminating a farm from the primeval forests. In 1833 he moved with his family to Butler County, and carried on agricultural pursuits there, hewing out another farm from the wilderness, said farm comprising 200 acres. He spent his last days in Butler County, rounding out an honorable and lengthly life in 1883, his wife following him the succeeding year. They were exemplary Christians, esteemed members of the Lutheran Church, and people who were thought very highly of by the many friends whom they gathered around them during their sojourn of fifty years in Butler County. They were the parents of the following children; Mary, Dan, Jackson, Catherine, Wash, Nancy (dead), Ellen, W. J., John (dead), Sarah, Euphemia, Finley (dead.) Wash was in the war for a short time, enlisting from Ohio.
   Our subject was reared on the old homestead in Pennsylvania, which had been his birthplace. His educational privileges were confined to attendance at the winter schools. He remained at home until after the breaking out of the war. He was then just entering upon manhood, and in September, 1861, he threw aside all personal aims, his one ambition being a desire to serve his country in her hour of peril, and on listed in the 11th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company C, 3d Brigade, 3d Division, 5th Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, and was mustered in at Camp Tonally. His regiment was dispatched to Virginia, and there took part in many important engagements, as follows: Drainesville, the seven-days fight in front of Richmond, the battle of Mechanicsville, that of Gaines' Mills, etc.

In the second day of the battle at Gaines' Mills, our subject was wounded through the left leg above the knee, and, with the rest of his regiment, taken prisoner, and sent to Libby Prison, Richmond, June 28, 1862. He was confined there sixty days, and had to dress his wound and bandage it every day, there being no competent surgeon. At the expiration of that time he was sent to Baltimore and exchanged, and joining his regiment at South Mountain, took an active part in that battle, and was also in the engagement the next day at Antietam. In the battle of Fredericksburg he was again wounded, a ball penetrating through the left hip, and he was sent to the hospital at Washington to recruit. In four months' time he was able to join his regiment, and did so at Munson's Hill. His regiment was then dispatched to guard the railway at Vienna, Va., and for several months was engaged in skirmishing with the guerrillas. Our subject and his comrades then accompanied the army into Pennsylvania, in pursuit of Gen. Lee and his men, and they took a conspicuous part in the battle of Gettysburg during the three days that that famous conflict was waged, and our subject's brigade held Little Round Top against the assaults of the enemy. In July, 1863, they crossed the Rapidan and engaged in the battle of Mine Run, and were also present at the second battle of Bull Run. They had an engagement with the rebels at Bristol Station, and our subject fought gallantly in the battles of the Wilderness, and was a participator in the various skirmishes that took place every day on the march to Richmond. He was present at the siege of Petersburg and did efficient service. His term of enlistment expired in September, 1864, and our subject, who went into the army as a private, and by the exercise of courage and other qualities that mark the true soldier, had climbed up from the ranks through the different grades to the rank of Second Lieutenant, was honorably discharged and retired to private life. He returned to his Pennsylvania home and engaged as a clerk in at dry-goods store for a short time, until he should determine what course in life to pursue. In 1866 he decided to try his fortunes in the West, and removing to Illinois, established himself in the grocery business in Mendota. and subsequently engaged in the same at Yates City. In spring of 1867 he went to Kansas, and buying 160 acres of wild land in Douglas County, began to improve a farm, and remained for one year. He then retraced his steps eastward as far as Leetonia, Ohio, where he operated a general store for a year. In 1869 he once more turned his face westward, and coming by rail, located in Nebraska, in Mission Creek Precinct, and putting up a store, stocked it with general merchandise. He did well at that, and while still managing his store, bought 320 acres of wild land on section 25, and entered upon its improvement. In 1873 he sold his business to Mr. Walker and took up his residence on his farm, and continued to improve it, and extensively engaged in agriculture and stock-raising.
   Mr. Halderman had been a resident of Pawnee County but a few years before he became well and favorably known by the people through his political affiliations, he being an active member of the Republican party, and a delegate occasionally to County and State Conventions, and in 1876 his fellow citizens elected him to represent them in the Sixteenth Nebraska Legislature. He served two years, and during this term Senator Saunders was sent to Washington. Our subject showed himself to be a wise and patriotic statesman, who earnestly and unselfishly sought the highest good of his adopted State. In the fall of 1881 Mr. Halderman being elected County Treasurer, sold his farm and moved to Pawnee City, and established his residence there during his term of office, which extended to 1885. He then removed to Burchard, and buying an interest in the Burchard Bank, became cashier, and has carried on banking ever since. He is an extensive stockholder in the bank, and his connection with it, in company with the other officials, gives it a high standing among the monetary institutions of Pawnee County. Mr. Halderman is also engaged in farming, paying special attention to raising blooded stock, having a pedigreed herd of thirty Short-horns, besides raising hogs. His farm of eighty acres is finely located just outside of the town, on section 7, Miles Precinct, which property he improved himself .
   The marriage of our subject to Miss Ida Fulton took place in Pawnee City, Sept. 10, 1869, and of

their happy wedded life three children have been born, namely; Fulton, Finley W. and Charles W. Mrs. Halderman was born in Harrison County, lowa, received a superior education, and was engaged in teaching before her marriage.
   In the perusal of this sketch it will be seen that Mr. Halderman has done much to establish the material prosperity of Pawnee County on a solid basis, and this is especially true of the village of Burchard, of which he may be considered one of the founders. He has erected here one of the finest buildings in the western part of the county, and has in other ways encouraged local enterprise. Besides the offices mentioned, he has been Assessor, Postmaster, etc. He belongs to the A. O. U. W. at Pawnee City, and to the G. A. R. of the same place. Both he and his wife are influential members of the Presbyterian Church, and they liberally contribute to its support and to all good causes that come under their notice.

ICHARD McDONALD. The elegant residence constituting the home of this gentleman, and the manner in which he is spoken of by the people who have known him, lo, these many years, indicate him to be a man of more than ordinary capacities, both in connection with his business career, and as a citizen. He retired from the active labors of farm life in 1887, and is numbered among the prominent men of Burchard and vicinity, who have been instrumental in the growth and development of this county. He owns a fine farm in Plum Creek Precinct, and has valuable property elsewhere. In 1887 he was elected Justice of the Peace, and is still holding the office, besides occupying other positions of trust and responsibility.
   The ancestry of our subject is one of which he may well be proud. The first representative of the family whose record has been preserved was Roderick McDonald, of Scotland, who was a man of wealth and importance in his native shire, where it is probable he spent his entire life. Among his descendants was Patrick McDonald, the paternal grandfather of our subject, and who occupied his castle at Bennett's Bridge, in County Kilkenny, Ireland--the McDonalds, like many others of that time, having been obliged to flee from their native country on account of religious persecution, settling in the North of Ireland. He spent his entire life afterward in County Kilkenny. There also his son Michael, the father of our subject, was born and reared. He married Miss Bridget Mahar, a native of the same county, and the daughter of Lieut. Patrick Mahar, who served in the Yeoman Cavalry. Later he became a large landowner, and died in 1849, when nearly one hundred years old.
   The father of our subject was reared in his naive county, and engaged in wholesale merchandising, dealing largely in wool, tallow, pork and flour. He died in 1841, at the age of forty-eight years, in his native county. The mother kept her little family together, and seven years later emigrated to America, settling in Norwich, Conn., where she spent the remainder of her days, passing away in 1858, at the age of sixty years. Of her children, nine in number, three are deceased--Thomas, Bridget and Patrick. The survivors are--Margaret Mary, Ellen, Anastasia, Patrick (2d) and Richard.
   Our subject, the youngest child of his parents, was born, like them, in County Kilkenny, Ireland, Nov. 12, 1839. He was a lad of nine years when his mother emigrated to America, and he remembers many of the incidents connected therewith, especially the long voyage on the sailing-vessel "Old Harmony," which conveyed them from Liverpool to New York City, the voyage occupying six weeks. He attended the common schools in Norwich, Conn., and at an early age began an apprenticeship at stone-cutting, which he followed until the outbreak of the Rebellion. Although then but twenty-two years of age, he entered the service, enlisting in Company B, 9th Connecticut Infantry, being mustered in at Ship Island. After a few minor engagements with the enemy, he participated in the capture of New Orleans, and later did garrison duty around the city, he subsequently joined the army of Gen. Butler, going to Vicksburg, and being present throughout the siege of that city. Later he was in the fight at Grand

Gulf and Baton Rouge, which witnessed the defeat of the rebel General Breckinridge, then embarked with the Red River expedition. At the expiration of his first term of enlistment he veteranized, was given a brief furlough, and in the spring of 1863 rejoined his regiment in Mississippi. He afterward fought at Petersburg, Va., and skirmished along the James River, meeting the rebels at Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, and in other minor engagements. He went up and down the valley of the Shenandoah with Gen. Sheridan, and was afterward at the battle of Winchester and Fisher's Hill, later skirmishing around Perryville and other unimportant points. At Fisher's Hill he was wounded by a minie ball, although not seriously. Later his command was sent to Baltimore on garrison duty, and at the time of Lee's surrender was in Savannah, Ga.
   Mr. McDonald was mustered out of the service at Hilton Head, S. C., and shortly afterward received his honorable discharge. He returned to New Haven, Conn., taking up his residence in Norwich, and resumed work at his trade of stone-cutting, being soon promoted to the position of overseer of a company of men. Two years later we find him on his way to Nebraska. He reached Omaha by rail, and was employed on the stone work of the Union Pacific Railroad Bridge, at Omaha, assisting to lay with his own hands the first stone of the structure, ninety feet below low water mark, with an air pressure of thirty-five pounds. When this structure was completed, he was promoted to the post of overseer in laying and cutting stone at Omaha, which he occupied about three years. He remained in the employ of this company in all a period of eleven years.
   In 1877, changing his occupation somewhat, Mr. McDonald entered the employ of Tootle, Maul & Co., as receiving clerk, remaining with them nine years, and in the meantime became interested somewhat in real estate. In 1886 he took up his residence on his farm in Plum Creek Precinct, this comprising 160 acres on section 9. Upon this he has made all the improvements which we see to-day, and which comprises a good set of buildings, neat and substantial fences, and other modern appliances of the successful agriculturist. The land is finely located and watered by Plum Creek. Mr. McDonald has been for several years engaged in the breeding of fine horses and cattle, having of the latter usually about eight head, including some fine specimens of the equine race. In his cattle operations he has reason to be proud of his achievements.
   In 1880 Mr. McDonald purchased ground in the city of Burchard, where he put up a very handsome residence, and also a store building. He had been married, in 1869, in Norwich, Conn., to Miss Mary Duffy, a native of his own county in Ireland, and who died at their home in Omaha, March 17, 1883. Mr. McDonald, in February, 1885, contracted a second marriage, with Miss Eliza Carver, a native of Connecticut, and born in 1852. He was elected Justice of the Peace in 1887, and has been a member of the Town Board for some time. He was reared in the Catholic faith, and remains loyal to his early training. He is a Trustee and Treasurer of his church at Burchard. Politically, he is a strong Republican, and labors industriously as opportunity offers for the interests of his party. Socially, he belongs to the G. A. R., of Omaha.
   Our subject organized a company of 112 men, and went to Canada and took part in the battle of Ridgway, under Gen. O'Neal, and has always been identified with the liberal movement.

HEODORE HALL. There is no question that farm property proves one of the best investments which a man can make of his labor and capital. It cannot take wings and fly away, or be carried off by the bank cashier. The subject of this sketch has evidently adhered to this idea, and he has been amply rewarded in consequence thereof. He is now in the enjoyment of a snug homestead, pleasantly located on section 34, Table Rock Precinct, comprising forty acres of carefully cultivated land, and substantial buildings. He has operated upon the plan of Horace Greeley, that a moderate amount of soil thoroughly cultivated will yield to its possessor fully as good result's as a large farm partially neglected.
   Our subject first set foot upon the soil of Ne-