Its vast area. Statistical summary¹ of the states and territories formed from the Purchase. Fifteen millions of people. Wealth four hundred times the purchase money. The empire which we gained.

Figures are dry, but they can be helped by comparisons. The Louisiana Purchase contains 863,072 square miles, or 565,166,080 acres. This means an area more than seven times that of Great Britain and Ireland, and more than four times that of Germany. The Purchase is larger than Great Britain, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, and Portugal combined.

This was the first state formed within Louisiana territory.

Louisiana	(1900)	1,381,625.	New Orleans	(1900)	287,104.
	(1810)	76,556.
	(1803)	49,475.		(1803)	8,056.

Louisiana is chiefly an agricultural state, the leading products being cotton, sugar, and rice. In the world’s production of sugar the state holds third place, being led only by Cuba and Java. Sugar culture was introduced into Louisiana by the Jesuits in 1751. The phenomenal development of the rice industry in southwest Louisiana by means of irrigation has caused the construction of hundreds of miles of irrigating canals and the application of irrigation to more than one hundred thousand acres of prairie land which a few years ago had but a nominal value. These lands are now classed among the most valuable in the state.

In recent years manufactures, which were formerly practically neglected on account of the unfitness of slave labor for that form of production, have made considerable headway. In the years between 1850 and 1900, while the total population increased 166.8%, that portion of it dependent upon the manufacturing industries increased 579.9%.

In 1900 the value of manufactured products was $121,181,683, and the value of real and personal property was $189,099,050; the value of farm products was $72,667,302 in 1899, as against $54,343,953 in 1890 and $42,883,522 in 1880.

The most important industries are sugar refining, lumbering, and the manufacture of cotton-seed oil and cake. An interesting feature of the sugar refining has been the establishment of large central refineries thoroughly equipped with the most efficient modern machinery. The planters, who used to do their own refining, now sell their raw produce to the refineries and are spared the cost of the installation and maintenance of refining machinery.

Cotton	(1900)	709,041 comniercial bales (about 500 lbs.).	Value $23,523,143.
	(1890)	659,180 commercial bales.
	(1880)	508,569
Lumber	(1900)	value of product	$17,408,513.
	(1890)		5,745,194.
	(1880)		1,764,641.
Timber cut	in 1900,	1,214,387	(M feet, B. M.).
Rice	(1900)	172,732,430 lbs.	Value $14,044,489.
	(1890)	75,645,433 lbs.
	(1880)	23,188,311 lbs.
Cane	(1900)	3,137,388 tons.	Farm value $14,627,282.
Sugar	(1900)	319,166,396 lbs.	Value $13,099,559.
	(1890)	292,124,050 lbs.
	(1880)	171,706,000  lbs.
Syrup and molasses	(1900)	14,184,733 gals.	Value $1,842,226.
	(1890)	14,341,081 gals.
	(1880)	11,696,248 gals.
Corn	(1900)	22,062,580 bu.	Value $10,327,723.
	(1890)	13,081,954 bu.
	(1880)	72,852,263 bu.
Tobacco	(1900)	102,100 lbs.	Value $20,488.
	(1890)	46,845 lbs.
	(1880)	55,934 lbs.
Sheep	(1900)	169,234.
	(1890)	186,167.
	(1880)	135,631.
Wool	(1900)	547,641 lbs.	Value $90,317.
	(1890)	440,686 lbs.
	(1880)	406,678 lbs.

1803.	Napoleon sold the province of Louisiana to the United States.
1804.	New Orleans was incorporated.
1807.	Orleans territory was divided into nineteen parishes or counties.
1812.	Louisiana was admitted to the Union, and that part of West Florida lying west of Pearl River was added to the new state.
1812.	The first steamboat on the Mississippi arrived at New Orleans.
1815.	The battle of New Orleans. Jackson defeated the British.
1831.	The first railroad was opened in the state. It was four and a half miles long.
1861.	Louisiana seceded from the Union.
1868.	Louisiana was restored to the Union.
1879.	James B. Eads completed his jetties in the South Pass, which opened the mouth of the Mississippi to vessels of the heaviest draught.
1880.	Bureau of Agriculture and Immigration established.
1884.	World’s Industrial Cotton Exposition at New Orleans.
1890.	Overflow of Mississippi River causes loss of $1,213,040.
1902.	East Louisiana and Southern Louisiana railways established. Total number of miles in state, 2,898.

The name has been attributed to a compound of French and Indian words meaning "Bow of smoky water," and refers to the Arkansas River.

Arkansas is an agricultural state, but manufactures are rapidly increasing. The principal products are cotton, cereals, and tobacco. Fruit growing is very successful, and the state is famous for its apples. Arkansas is rated as one of the four states or territories having the greatest comparative gains in coal production in the past decade. Building stone is abundant, and a great deposit of liquid asphalt has been opened in Pike County. Beneath it has been found a stratum of fuller’s earth. Some three thousand people are engaged in the pearl industry near Newport. There are also great zinc deposits in the state.

The manufactures of lumber and timber products are by far the most important. There are 1199 establishments, representing a capital of $21,727,710, which in 1900 gave employment to 15,895 wage earners, or sixty per cent of the wage earners of the entire state. The value of their product was $23,959,983, or fifty-three per cent of the value of all the products of Arkansas. The flour and grist milling industry ranks second, the manufacture of cotton-seed oil and cake ranks third, and cotton ginning is of fourth importance.

The value of farm products for 1900 was $79,649,490, as compared with $53,128,155 in 1890 and $43,796,261 in 1880.

The value of real and personal property for 1900 was $189,999,050. The value of manufactured products for 1900 was $45,197,731.

Cotton	(1900)	709,880 commercial bales.	Value $24,671,445.
	(1890)	691,494 bales.
	(1880)	608,256 bales.
Corn	(1900)	44,144,098 bu.	Value $17,572,170.
	(1890)	33,982,318 bu.
	(1880)	24,156,417 bu.
Wheat	(1900)	2,449,970 bu.	Value $1,383,916.
	(1890)	955,668 bu.
	(1880)	1,269,715 bu.
Oats	(1900)	3,909,000 bu.	Value $1,263,101.
	(1890)	4,180,877 bu.
	(1880)	2,219,822 bu.
Hay and forage	(1900)	271,616 tons.	Value $1,913,163.
	(1890)	164,399 tons.
	(1880)	20,630 tons.
Live stock	(1900)		Value $37,483,771.
	(1890)		30,772,880.
	(1880)		20,472,425.
Sheep	(1900)	168,761.
	(1890)	243,999.
	(1880)	246,757.
Wool	(1900)	636,474 lbs.	Value $118,922.
	(1890)	512,396 lbs.
	(1880)	557,368 lbs.
Milk	(1900)	109,861,393 gals.	Value of dairy products $6,912,459.
	(1890)	54,325,673 gals.
Tobacco	(1900)	831,700 lbs.	Value $85,395.
	(1890)	954,790 lbs.
	(1880)	970,220 lbs.
Timber cut	(1900)	1,665,158	(M feet, B. M.).
Lumber	(1900)		value of product $23,957,983.
	(1890)		$8,943,052.
	(1880)		1,793,848.
Coal2	(1899)	843,554 short tons.	Value $989,383.
Flouring and grist mills	(1900)		value of product $3,708,709.
	(1890)		2,498,168.

1670.	Arkansas was first settled by the French, near St. Francis River.
1812.	Louisiana became a state, and Arkansas was included in Missouri territory.
1819.	Organized as Arkansas territory.
1836.	Organized as a state, Indian Territory being cut off.
1861.	Seceded from the Union.
1868.	Readmitted as a state.
1892.	High-grade silver and lead ores were discovered about fifteen miles from Little Rock.
1898.	Federal debt settled.
1902.	1,694 militia, regularly organized, uniformed, and in actual service of the state.

The Spanish gave the name of Colorado, which means ruddy or red, to the Colorado River. It is frequently called the "Centennial State," because it was admitted in 1876. The country was partially explored by Pike in 1807 and by Long in 1820. The discovery of gold brought a small army of treasure seekers to Pike’s Peak and the surrounding country in 1859, and this began to draw the attention of the world to Colorado’s vast mineral resources.

Colorado	(1900)	539,700.	Denver	(1900)	133,859.
	(1880)	194,327.		(1880)	35,629.
	(1860)	34,277.		(1860)	4,749.

Irrigation holds an important relation to Colorado agriculture; the soil is rich, but needs water to make it fruitful. Cereals and fruit are the chief agricultural products. Stock raising is an important occupation, but mining is the leading industry; gold, silver, lead, copper, and coal are produced in abundance. The state produces more than one third of the yearly output of silver in the United States.

The acreage irrigated in 1900 was 1,611,271.
The value of irrigated crops for 1900 was $15,100,690.
The acreage of improved land under cultivation in 1900 was about 2,000,000.
1900. Value of farm products was $33,048,576.
1890. Value of farm products was 13,136,810.
1880. Value of farm products was 5,035,228.
The value of all manufactured products for 1900 was $102,830,137.

.

Gold	(1900)	71,396 fine ounces.	Value $79,000,000.
Silver	(1900)	728,334 fine ounces.
Lead	(1900)	82,137 short tons.	Value $49,937,006.
Copper	(1900)	8,000,000 lbs.	Value $3,893,034.
Iron and steel	(1900)	manufactured product 232,815 tons.
	(1890)	manufactured product 30,207 tons.
	(1880)	manufactured product 4,018 tons.
Coal	(1900)	4,626,943 tons.
	(1880)	462,747 tons.
Coke	(1900)	503,543 tons.
	(1890)	199,638 tons.
	(1880)	18,000 tons.
Wheat	(1900)	5,587,770 bu.	Value $2,809,370.
	(1890)	2,845,439 bu.
	(1880)	1,425,014 bu.
Corn	(1900)	1,275,680 bu.	Value $508,488.
	(1890)	1,511,907 bu.
	(1880)	455,968 bu.
Oats	(1900)	3,080,130 bu.	Value $1,121,745.
Sheep	(1900)	1,352,823.
	(1890)	896,810.
	(1880)	1,091,443.
Wool	(1900)	8,543,937 lbs.	Value $1,115,331.
	(1890)	4,544,332 lbs.
	(1880)	3,197,391 lbs.
Hay and forage	(1900)	1,643,347 tons.	Value $8,159,279.
	(1890)	714,555 tons
	(1880)	86,562 tons
Live stock	(1900)		value $49,954,311
	(1890)		29,673,528.
	(1880)		15,927,342.
Dairy products	(1900)		Value $3,778,901.
Milk	(1900)	38,440,111 gals.
	(1890)	19,680,761 gals.

1852.	Gold was discovered.
1857.	Civilized Cherokees attempted to explore Colorado but were driven back by hostile Indians.
1858.	Colorado explored at two points, — near Pike’s Peak by a company from Kansas, and in the southwest by Georgians under Baker. Both found gold.
1859.	Gold was discovered at Boulder Creek, Clear Creek, and Leadville. There were in the same year important discoveries of silver. The great discoveries of carbonate-silver ore at Leadville did not come until 1877.
1861.	The territory was formed from parts of Utah, New Mexico, Kansas, and Nebraska.
1876.	Colorado was admitted to the Union.
1878.	Gold and silver production to date: 80 tons pure gold, 770 tons silver; and large quantities of copper and lead.
1891.	The first passenger train ascended Pike’s Peak.
1892.	Pike’s Peak set apart as a forest reserve. Gold found in large quantities in Squaw Gulch.
1893.	Rich gold ores, yielding at rate of $l20,000 per ton, were found at Cripple Creek in El Paso County.
1899.	Southern Ute Indian lands opened to settlement.
1901.	Colorado first in beet-sugar industry.

Agriculture, grazing, and lumbering are the chief occupations. Indian corn and cotton are the principal products. It is estimated that there are twenty thousand square miles of coal fields. Since 1890 the manufacture of cotton-seed oil and cake has become one of the most important industries.

In 1900 the value of farm products was $27,672,002, the value of manufactured products was $3,892,181, and the value of real and personal property was $94,000,000.

Corn	(1900)	30,709,420 bu.	Value $6,999,018.
Cotton	(1900)	154,850 commercial bales.	Value $4,809,929.
	(1890)	34,115
	(1880)	17,000
Oats	(1900)	4,423,810 bu.	Value $889,053.
Wheat	(1900)	2,203,780 bu.	Value $1,121,259.
Hay and forage	(1900)	480,609 tons.	Value $1,139,079.
Tobacco	(1900)	97,030 lbs.	Value $10,284.
Live stock	(1900)		value $41,378,695.
	(1890)		5,976,729.
	(1880)		10,499.
Sheep	(1900)	12,648.
Wool	(1900)	50,711 lbs.	Value $7,499.
Flouring and grist mills	(1900)		value of product $1,198,472.
Timber cut	1900	15,000	(M feet, B. M.).
Lumber	(1900)		value of product $199,879.
Coal3	(1899)	1,537,427 tons.	Value $2,199,785.
Coke	(1900)	24,339 tons.

1832.	Indian Territory, including Oklahoma, was set apart as an Indian reservation.
1834.	Definite reservations were assigned to the five civilized tribes.
1838.	The beginning of their gradual removal.
1892.	The reservations of the Cheyennes and Arapahoes, having been ceded to the United States, were opened for white settlement.
1893.	The Cherokee strip was opened and incorporated with Oklahoma.
1901.	Opening of Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache reservations to white settlers.

The name Iowa means "across beyond," and it was given by the Indians to a district west of the Mississippi, which formed part of Michigan territory and afterward of Wisconsin, becoming later the territory of Iowa.

Iowa is one of the leading agricultural states, less than one per cent of the soil being unfit for cultivation. Meat packing, the factory manufacture of butter, cheese, and condensed milk, and flour milling are the principal manufactures. Coal is found under about one third of the state. An industry peculiar to Iowa is the manufacture of pearl buttons from the shells of fresh-water mussels found along the Mississippi and other rivers. The manufacture of lumber and timber products, which was once important, has now declined.

The value of all farm products for 1900 was $365,411,528, as compared with $159,347,844 in 1890 and $136,103,473 in 1880.

The value of manufactured products for 1900 was $164,617,877.

The value of real and personal property for 1900 was $2,106,615,620.

Live stock	(1900)		value $278,830,096.
	(1890)		206,436,242.
	(1880)		124,715,103.
Corn	(1900)	383,453,190 bu.	Value $97,297,707.
	(1890)	313,130,782 bu.
	(1880)	275,014,247 bu.
Oats	(1900)	168,364,170 bu.	Value $33,254,987.
	(1890)	146,679,289 bu.
	(188O)	50,610,591 bu.
Wheat	(1900)	22,769,440 bu.	Value $11,457,808.
	(1890)	8,249,786 bu.
	(1880)	31,154,205 bu.
Potatoes	(1900)	17,305,919 bu.	Value $3,870,746.
	(1890)	18,068,311 bu.
	(1880)	9,962,537 bu.
Milk	(1900)	535,872,240 gals.	Value of dairy products $27,516,870.
	(1890)	486,961,411 gals.
Hay and forage	(1900)	6,600,169 tons.	Value $30,042,246.
	(1890)	7,264,700 tons.
	(1880)	3,613,941 tons.
Sheep	(1900)	657,868.
	(1890)	547,394.
	(1880)	455,359.
Wool	(1900)	5,015,965 lbs.	Value $992,334.
	(1890)	2,649,652 lbs.
	(1880)	2,971,975 lbs.
Coal4	(1900)	4,645,481 tons.
	(1899)	5,177,479 tons.	Value $6,397,338.
	(1880)	1,442,333 tons.
Slaughtering and meat packing	(1900)		value of product $25,695,044.
	(1890)		23,425,576.
Flouring and grist mills	(1900)		value of product $13,823,083.
	(1890)		11,833,737.

1833.	The first permanent settlements were made at Dubuque, Fort Madison, and Burlington.
1838.	Territory of Iowa organized.
1846.	Iowa was admitted to statehood.
1855.	The first railway was built in Iowa.
1856.	The first locomotive to cross the Mississippi passed over the first railroad bridge across the river, between Rock Island and Davenport.
1857.	The Spirit Lake massacre occurred, which greatly retarded the development of the state in the region of Okoboji and Spirit Lake.
1870.	Geological Survey of State published.
1871.	Corner stone for State Capitol laid at Des Moines.
1877.	Canal around the Des Moines rapids opened. Length, 7½ miles; cost, $4,500,000.
1890.	A rich lead mine discovered near Dubuque.

The first white men to enter the present limits of Kansas were Coronado and other Spanish adelantados. In 1804 Lewis and Clark, the American explorers, kept the Fourth of July on Independence Creek, near the site of the present city of Atchison. Three years later Zebulon Pike crossed Kansas to Colorado and discovered Pike’s Peak.

The bloody conflict to keep Kansas a free state and to exclude slavery forms a thrilling chapter in our national history.

Agriculture and grazing are the leading pursuits. The state is among the first in the production of wheat and corn. Tobacco, castor beans, and cotton are also important staples. Silk culture is becoming a notable industry. Horticulture is being successfully developed, and in 1900 there were over eleven million apple trees in the state. The chief industries are meat packing, flour milling, and car construction. Zinc is mined in large quantities, and coal underlies about a fifth of the state.

The value of farm products for 1900 was $209,865,542, as against $95,070,080 in 1890 and $52,240,361 in 1880.

The value of manufactured products for 1900 was $172,129,398, and the value of real and personal property was $1,021,833,294.

Corn	(1900)	229,937,430 bu.	Value $58,079,738.
	(1890)	259,574,568 bu.
	(1880)	105,729,325 bu.
Wheat	(1900)	38,778,450 bu.	Value $19,132,455.
	(1890)	30,399,871 bu.
	(1880)	17,324,141 bu.
Oats	(1900)	24,469,980 bu.	Value $4,915,896.
	(1890)	44,629,034 bu.
	(1880)	8,180,385 bu.
Potatoes	(1900)	8,091,745 bu.	Value $2,485,800.
	(1890)	8,242,953 bu.
	(1880)	2,894,198 bu.
Milk	(1900)	244,909,123 gals.	Value of dairy products $11,782,902.
	(1890)	201,608,099 gals.
Hay and forage	(1900)	7,066,671 tons.	Value $18,499,287.
	(1890)	4,854,960 tons.
	(1880)	1,601,932 tons.
Sheep	(1900)	179,907.
	(1890)	401,192.
	(1880)	629,671.
Wool	(1900)	1,599,374 lbs.	Value $247,895.
	(1890)	2,253,240 lbs.
	(1880)	2,855,832 lbs.
Live stock	(1900)		value $190,956,936.
	(1890)		128,068,305.
	(1880)		62,704,149.
Slaughtering and meat packing	(1900)		value of product $77,411,883.
	(1890)		44,696,077.
Flouring and grist mills	(1900)		value of product $21,926,768.
	(1890)		17,420,475.
Coal 5	(1900)	3,989,170 tons.	Value $4,478,112.
	(1880)	763,597 tons.
Zinc	(1900)		value of product $5,790,144.

¹From the Reports of the 12th Census and Yearbooks of the Department of Agriculture, except where otherwise stated. The 1900 census figures for agriculture are for the year 1899.
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² International Yearbook (1900). Census Report on Mineral Industries not issued. The product for 1899 is not representative, the production having been interfered with by serious strikes.
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³ International Yearbook. Increase of over ten per cent in spite of strikes.
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⁴ Statistical Abstract, 12th Census. Value of output in 1899 was the largest in the history of the state.
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⁵ International Yearbook.
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