FAMILY LANIIDÆ.--SHRIKES.

The shrikes or "butcher birds" are known as veritable "brigands" or "pirates" when it comes to the destruction of other forms of life. They are true to their name, and "butcher" for pastime large numbers of insects, mice, lizards, small snakes, and even birds. They then fly to some thorn bush or barb-wire fence and impale the luckless victim and leave it for future use, or to dry up and finally blow away. The good they do will outweigh the harm.

621. Lanius borealis Vieil1.—GREAT NORTHERN SHRIKE.

West Point, Omaha, Lincoln, Rulo, etc. (L. Bruner); "fall of the year sparingly" (Aughey); "Winter resident, common, arrive in September and probably leave in March" (Taylor); "South in winter to about latitude 35°" (Goss); Beatrice, De Witt (A. S. Pearse); Omaha (L. Skow); Peru, winter resident (G. A. Coleman); Cherry county (J. M. Bates); Lincoln (R. E. Dinges, J. B. White, D. A. Haggard, etc.); Gage county (F. A. Colby); "quite a common winter resident, arriving at the same time and preying upon the smaller sparrows" (I. S. Trostler); Sioux county, Feb. 27, 1896 (W. D. Hunter).

622. Lanius ludovicianus Linn. — LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE; BUTCHER BIRD.

West Point—breeding, Omaha (L. Bruner); "North irregularly to Ohio, Vermont, etc." (Goss); Lincoln (Dr. F. L. Riser).

622a. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides (Swains.).—WHITE-RUMPED SHRIKE.

West Point, Lincoln, Omaha (L. Bruner); Lincoln—breeding (R. E. Dinges); "Rather abundant in Nebraska" (Aughey); "Summer resident, arrive in April and found as late as September" (Taylor); "The central regions of North America" (Goss); Beatrice—nesting (A. S. Pearse); Omaha (L Skow); Peru, breeds (G. A. Coleman); Cherry county (J. M. Bates); Gage county—breeds (F. A. Colby); "Summer resident—breeds, not common, earliest seen March 23—departs late in September" (I. S. Trostler).

FAMILY VIREONIDÆ.—VIRE0S.

The food of the various "greenlets" or vireos is made up almost entirely of insects, of which a large per cent is composed of the caterpillars of different moths, such as infest trees and the larger shrubs. They should be protected and encouraged about the orchard in particular.

624. Vireo olivaceus (Linn.).—RED-EYED VIREO.

Common over eastern half of state—breeds (L. Bruner); "common in the timber belts along the Missouri and its tributaries in Nebraska" (Aughey); "Summer resident, abundant, probably arrives in May" (Taylor); "West to the Rocky mountains" (Goss); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); common summer resident, arrives May 1, breeds May 22 to July 1—departs Sept. 1 to 25" (I. S. Trostler).

626. Vireo philadelphicus (Cass.).—PHILADELPHIA VIREO.

West Point, Omaha (L. Bruner); "common in eastern Nebraska" (Aughey); Omaha (L. Skow).

627. Vireo gilvus (Vieill.).—WARBLING VIREO.

West Point (L. Bruner); "abundant in northeastern Nebraska" (Aughey); "Summer resident, common, arrives in May (Taylor); "North America in general" (Goss); Omaha—breeding (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); "a not uncommon summer resident, arrives, breeds, and departs same as Red-eyed Vireo" (I. S. Trostler).

628. Vireo flavifrons Vieill.—YELLOW-THROATED VIREO.

Lincoln (L. Bruner); Fairbury (Dr. Eaton); "Somewhat abundant in southeastern Nebraska, but rare north of the Platte" (Aughey); "Summer resident" (Taylor); "Eastern United States" (Goss); Omaha (L. Skow); Peru, common—may breed (G. A. Coleman); Omaha, "not rare as a summer resident, arrives about May 1, departs late in August, seen during summer, doubtless breeds" (I. S. Trostler).

629. Vireo solitarius (Wils.).—BLUE-HEADED VIREO.

West Point, Omaha (L. Bruner); "Found in the timber belts of eastern Nebraska" (Aughey); "Summer resident, rare, arrives in May" (Taylor); "Eastern North America, migratory in Kansas" (Goss); Omaha, Child’s Point (L. Skow); Omaha, "a rare summer resident, occasionally seen during May, June, and July during past six years" (I. S. Trostler).

630. Vireo atricapillus Woodh.—BLACK-CAPPED VIRE0.

Bellevue (L Skow); Omaha, "a rare straggler, one seen June 19, 1894 (I was very close to this bird and positively identified it)" (I. S. Trostler).

631. Vireo noveboracensis (Gmel.).—WHITE-EYED VIREO.

Omaha, Lincoln, West Point (L. Bruner); "Occasionally met with in Nebraska "—nesting (Aughey); "Probably a summer resident" (Taylor); "West to the Rocky mountains" (Goss); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Omaha, "not uncommon summer resident, arrives early in May, breeds June 24 to 30, departs Sept. 20 to 30" (I. S. Trostler).

633. Vireo bellii Aud.—BELL’S VIREO.

Lincoln (L Bruner); "This bird is sparingly present in Nebraska" (Aughey); "Summer resident, rare" (Taylor); "From Illinois and Minnesota west to the eastern base of the Rocky mountains" (Goss); Omaha-breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Gage county—breeds (F. A. Colby); "a common summer resident—by far our commonest Vireo, arrives May 1 to 10, breeds May 25 to July 24, departs Aug. 15 to Sept. 1" (I. S. Trostler).

FAMILY MNIOTILTIDÆ.—WOOD WARBLERS.

In the words of that pleasing writer, Dr. Elliott Coues,¹ "The warblers have we always with us, all in their own good time; they come out of the south, pass on, return, and are away again, their appearance and withdrawal scarcely less than a mystery; many stay with us all summer long, and some brave the winters in our midst. Some of these slight creatures, guided by unerring instinct, travel true to the meridian in the hours of darkness, slipping past like a ‘thief in the night,’ stopping at daybreak from their lofty flights to rest and recruit for the next stage of the journey. Others pass more leisurely from tree to tree, in a ceaseless tide of migration, gleaning as they go; the hardier males, in full song and plumage, lead the way for the weaker females and the yearlings. With tireless industry do the warblers befriend the human race; their unconscious zeal plays due part in the nice adjustment of nature’s forces, helping to bring about the balance of vegetable and insect life without which agriculture would be in vain. They visit the orchard when the apple and pear, the peach, plum, and cherry are in bloom, seeming to revel carelessly amid the sweet-scented and delicately-tinted blossoms, but never faltering in their good work. They peer into the crevices of the bark, scrutinize each leaf, and explore the very heart of the buds, to detect, drag forth, and destroy those tiny creatures, singly insignificant, collectively a scourge, which prey upon the hopes of the fruit-grower, and which, if undisturbed, would bring his care to naught. Some warblers flit incessantly in the terminal foliage of the tallest trees; others hug close to the scored trunks and gnarled boughs of the forest kings; some peep from the thicket, coppice, the impenetrable mantel of shrubbery that decks tiny water-courses, playing at hide-and-seek with all comers; others more humble still, descend to the ground, where they glide with pretty mincing steps and affected turning of the head this way and that, their delicate flesh-tinted feet just stirring the layer of withered leaves with which a past season carpeted the ground. We may seek warblers everywhere in the season; we shall find them a continual surprise; all mood and circumstance is theirs."

636. Mniotilta varia (Linn.).—BLACK AND WHITE CREEPING WARBLER

West Point, Plattesmouth, Omaha, Lincoln, (L. Bruner); "wooded sections of Nebraska" (Aughey); "Summer resident, common, arrives in April and May" (Taylor); "West to the Great Plains" (Goss); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—may breed (G. A. Coleman); Cherry county breeds (J. M. Bates); "common migrant and not uncommon summer resident and breeder, arrives early in April, departs Sept. 2 to 25—G. W. Sabine saw young in nest in middle of June, 1894, in northern Sarpy county—breeds about May 15" (I. S. Trostler).

637. Protonotaria citrea (Bodd.).—PROTHONOTARY WARBLER.

West Point, Lincoln (L. Bruner); "Have only seen this bird a few times in southeastern Nebraska" (Anghey); "summer resident, somewhat rare" (Taylor); "North regularly to Georgia, Iowa, and Nebraska" (Goss); Omaha— breeds (L. Skow); "a not uncommon summer resident, arrives May 1 to 15, departs Aug. 25 to Sept. 10—breeds" (I. S. Trostler).

639. Helmitherus vermivorus (Gmel.).--WORM-EATING WARBLER.

Omaha (F. J. Brezee); "extends to Nebraska" (Bull. No. 2, Div. Ornith.); "have only seen this species in the southeastern part of the state" (Aughey); "West to eastern Nebraska and Texas" (Goss); Omaha, "a rare summer resident, seen during July and August" (I. S. Trostler).

641. Helminthophila pinus (Linn.).—BLUE-WINGED YELLOW WARBLER.

Omaha, Weeping Water, Lincoln (L; Bruner); "southeastern part of the state" (Aughey); "West to Nebraska, middle Kansas, and Texas" (Goss); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, rare, probably breeds (G. A. Coleman); Omaha, " a rare summer resident, probably breeds, but have never found the nest, earliest seen May 20, latest August 25" (I. S. Trostler).

642. Helminthophila chrysoptera (Linn.).—GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER.

"It has been found a few times in Nebraska" (Bull. No. 2, Div. Ornith.); "Occasionally seen in eastern Nebraska" (Aughey).

644. Helminthophila virginiæ (Baird).—VIRGINIA’S WARBLER.

"Have only seen one specimen of this bird in southwestern Nebraska" (Aughey).

645. Helminthophila ruficapilla (Wils.).—NASHVILLE WARBLER.

West Point. Omaha, Weeping Water (L. Bruner); "This bird arrives in eastern Nebraska about May 1" (Aughey); "Summer resident, rare, arrives in May—probably common during migration" (Taylor); "West to the Great Plains" (Goss); Omaha, "a not uncommon migrant and rare summer resident— probably a rare breeder" (I. S. Trostler).

646. Helminthophila celata (Say).—ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER.

West Point, Lincoln, Omaha (L. Bruner); "One specimen mentioned in the records of the Normal Science Society" (Taylor); "Quite common in the middle states and throughout the Mississippi valley" (Goss); Omaha (L. Skow); Peru, common migrant (G. A. Coleman).

647. Helminthophila peregrina ( (Wils.).--TENNESSEE WARBLER.

Lincoln, West Point, Omaha (L. Bruner); "Occurs sparingly in eastern Nebraska" (Aughey); "Migratory, common, arrive in May" (Taylor); "West to the base of the Rocky mountains" (Goss); Omaha (L Skow); Peru, rare— may breed (G. A. Coleman); Omaha, "a somewhat common migrant, May 1 to 15, Sept. 10 to 20" (I. S. Trostler).

648. Compsothlypis americana (Linn.).—BLUE YELLOW-BACKED WARBLER; PARULA WARBLER.

"Rearing their young in various parts of Nebraska" (Bull. No. 2, Div. Ornith.); "It reaches Nebraska about the 1st of May" (Aughey); "Migratory, common, arrive in April and May" (Taylor); "West to the base of the Rocky mountains" (Goss).

650. Dendroica tigrina (Gmel.).—CAPE MAY WARBLER.

Alda (F. W. Powell).

652. Dendroica æstiva (Gmel.).—YELLOW WARBLER; SUMMER YELLOW BIRD.

West Point, Holt county, Omaha, Lincoln, etc. —breeds (L. Bruner); "Abundant in Nebraska" (Aughey); "Summer resident, abundant, arrives in May" (Taylor); "North America at large" (Goss); Beatrice, breeding (A. S. Pearse); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Cherry county—breeds (J. M. Bates); Gage county—breeds (F. A. Colby); "an abundant summer resident, arrives May 1 to 10, breeds May 25 to July 16, departs Aug. 15 to Sept. 1" (I. S. Trostler).

654. Dendroica cærulescens (Gmel.).—BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER

Omaha, West Point (L. Bruner); "is present in spring and fall during its migrations" (Aughey).

655. Dendroica coronata (Linn.).—YELLOW-RUMPED WARBLER; MYRTLE WARBLER.

West Point, Omaha, Lincoln, Rulo, Fremont, etc. (L. Bruner); "It is frequently seen along our timber belts" (Aughey); "Migratory, common, arrives in April and May" (Taylor); "The whole of North America" (Goss); Omaha (L. Skow); Peru, abundant migrant (G. A. Coleman); "a common migrant. April 1 to 20, Oct. 1 to Nov. 1" (I. S. Trostler); Crete, Nebr., April 19 (D. A. Haggard).

656. Dendroica auduboni (Towns.).—AUDUBON’S WARBLER.

Belmont, on Pine Ridge (L. Bruner); "One specimen mentioned by Baird as found in the western part of the state" (Taylor); "east to the eastern border of the Great Plains" (Goss).

657. Dendroica maculosa (Gmel.).—MAGN0LIA WARBLER; BLACK AND YELLOW WARBLER.

Omaha (F. J. Brezee); "Occasionally seen on its migrations in northeastern Nebraska" (Aughey); "Migratory, rare, arrive the first of May" (Taylor); "West to the base of the Rocky mountains" (Goss).

658. Dendroica cærulea (Wils.).--CERULEAN WARBLER.

West Point, Blair (L. Bruner); "Abundant in eastern Nebraska along the wooded river-bottoms, where it is in the habit of breeding" (Aughey); summer resident, common" (Taylor); "West to the Great Plains" (Goss); Omaha (L. Skow); Omaha "a quite common migrant and not rare summer resident, arrives May 1 to 10, departs latter August—seen in summer doubtless breeds" (I. S. Trostler).

659. Dendroica pensylvanica (Linn.).—CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER.

Omaha, Weeping Water (L. Bruner); "Rather common in eastern Nebraska during its migrations" (Aughey); "Migratory, common, arrives the last of April and in September" (Taylor); "West to the Great Plains" (Goss); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Omaha, "not rare migrant and an occasional summer resident, took a set of four eggs and nest June 23, 1894" (I. S. Trostler).

660. Dendroica castanea (Wils.).--BAY-BREASTED WARBLER.

"it has been found in Nebraska" (Bull. No. 2, Div. Ornith.); "Occasionally met with in eastern Nebraska" (Aughey).

661. Dendroica striata (Forst.).--BLACK-POLL WARBLER.

West Point, (L. Bruner); "Rather common in eastern Nebraska during its migrations" (Aughey); "Migratory, common, arrives in May (Taylor); "West to the Rocky mountains" (Goss); Omaha (L. Skow); Peru, common—probably breeds (G. A. Coleman); Cherry county (J. M. Bates); Lincoln (F. J. Brezee); Omaha, "quite common migrant, earliest seen May 7, returning in latter August" (I. S. Trostler).

662. Dendroica blackburniæ (Gmel.).--BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER.

West Point, Omaha, (L Bruner); "occasionally, in eastern Nebraska" (Aughey); "Migratory, rare" (Taylor); " West to the Great Plains" (Goss); North Platte, "transient visitor, common" (M. K. Barnum).

663a. Dendroica dominica albilora Ridqw.—SYCAMORE WARBLER.

"Migratory, rare, may breed in the state" (Taylor); "North to southern Michigan and northern Illinois, west to eastern Kansas and Texas" (Goss).

667. Dendroica virens (Gmel).—BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER.

Omaha, Florence, Weeping Water (L. Bruner); "Migratory, rare, has been seen in June" (Taylor); "west to the edge of the Great Plains (Goss).

671. Dendroica vigorsii (Aud.).—PINE-CREEPING WARBLER.

Sioux county (L Bruner); "passes through Nebraska in early spring, and loiters here in autumn" (Aughey); "Migratory, rare, arrives in April and September" (Taylor); "West to the plains" (Goss).

672. Dendroica palmarum (Gmel.). — RED—POLL WARBLER; PALM WARBLER.

"Abundant in eastern Nebraska in early spring while passing north" (Aughey); "Migratory, abundant, arrives in April, May, September, and October" (Taylor); "migrating through the Mississippi valley, and wintering in the Gulf states" (Goss); Omaha (L Skow).

673. Dendroica discolor (Vieill.).—PRAIRIE WARBLER.

Omaha, West Point (L Bruner); "eastern Nebraska (Bull No. 2, Div. Ornitb.); "Abundant in eastern Nebraska, where it breeds" (Aughey); "Summer resident, common" (Taylor); "West into Nebraska and Kansas" (Goss); Omaha (L. Skow).

674. Seiurus aurocapillus (Linn.). — OVEN-BIRD; GOLDEN-CROWNED THRUSH.

West Point, Lincoln, Bellevue (L Bruner); "rather abundant—breeds" (Anghey); "Summer resident, common, arrives in April" (Taylor); "West to the base of the Rocky mountains’ (Goss); Child’s Point, Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); "quite common summer resident, arrives May 1 to 15, breeds June 1 to 20, departs latter August" (I. S. Trostler).

675. Seiurus noveboracensis (Gmel.).— WATER THRUSH.

"Occasionally met with in northeastern Nebraska, where, near Pouca, in Dixon county, I found the young, but never saw the nest" (Aughey); "Migratory, rare, probably arrives in May" (Taylor); Omaha—breeds (L Skow).

675a. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis (Ridgw). —GRINNELL'S WATER THRUSH.

West Point, Sioux county, Lincoln (L Bruner); "east into the Mississippi valley, straggling to Illinois, Indiana, etc." (Goss).

676. Seiurus motacilla (Vieill).—LOUISIANA WATER THRUSH; LARGE-BILLED WATER THRUSH.

Southeastern Nebraska (Aughey); "Is rare in Nebraska" (Bull. No. 2. Div. Ornith.); "Probably summer resident" (Taylor); "west to the edge of the Great Plains" (Goss); Omaha (L Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Omaha, "a rare summer resident and breeder" (I. S. Trostler).

677. Geothlypis formosa (Wils.).--KENTUCKY WARBLER.

Rather common in southeastern Nebraska" (Aughey); "summer resident, common, probably arrive in May" (Taylor); "West to the edge of the Great Plains" (Goss); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, rare—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Omaha, "one seen by G. W. Sabine, Nov. 28, 1895, in this city" (I. S. Trostler).

679. Geothlypis philadelphia (Wils.).--MOURNING WARBLER.

Found In eastern Nebraska, and breeds in at least the southeastern part" (Aughey); "Eastern North America, west to the Great Plains" (Goss); Omaha (L Skow).

680. Geothlypis macgillivrayi (Awl.). — MACGILLIVRAY'S WARBLER.

"Both Baird and Aughey mention this species as seen in extreme western Nebraska in the mouth of August" (Taylor).

681. Geothlypis trichas (Linn.).—MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT.

West Point, Norfolk, Omaha, Lincoln, etc.—breeds (L. Bruner); "Common in Nebraska and breeds here" (Aughey); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Cherry county, Sept. 23 (J. M. Bates).

681a. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewst. —WESTERN MARYLAND YELLOW THROAT.

West Point, Sioux county, Holt county (L Bruner); "summer resident, abundant, arrives in April and has been seen as late as September" (Taylor); "East to the Mississippi valley" (Goss); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Gage county (F. A. Colby); "a quite common summer resident, arrives April 20 to May 10, breeds June 10 to 20, departs middle of September" (I. S. Trostler).

683. Icteria virens (Linn.).—YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT.

West Point, Omaha, Lincoln, Bellevue, Weeping Water, ete.—breeds (L. Bruner); "Found over the greater part of Nebraska, and breeding in at least the eastern part of the state" (Aughey); "Summer resident, abundant, arrives in May" (Taylor); "west to the edge of the Great Plains, north to southern New England, Ontario, Iowa, etc." (Goss); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Gage county (F. A. Colby); "an abundant summer resident, arrives May 1 to Sept. 1, breeds May 26 to June 24, departs Sept. 1 to 10" (I. S. Trostler); Lincoln, May 12 (D. A. Haggard).

683a. Icteria virens longicauda (Lawr.).—L0NG-TAILED CHAT.

"Summer resident, common,arrives in May and has been seen in September" (Taylor); "East to the eastern edge of the Great Plains" (Goss); Omaha— breeds (L. Skow); Lincoln, (F. J. Brezee).

684. Sylvania mitrata (Gmel.).—HOODED WARBLER.

Southeastern part of the state (Aughey); "Snmmer resident, probably not uncommon, arrives in May, and has been seen as late as September" (Taylor); "west to eastern Nebraska and Texas" (Goss).

685. Sylvania pusilla (Wils.).—WILSON'S WARBLER; BLACK-CAPPED YELLOW WARBLER.

West Point, Omaha (L. Bruner); "Met sparingly in both eastern and western Nebraska" (Aughey); "Migratory, rare, arrive in May "(Taylor); "west to and including the Rocky mountains" (Goss).

686. Sylvania canadensis (Linn.).—CANADIAN WARBLER.

"Observed only during spring migration in eastern part of state" (Aughey); "Migratory, rare, arrive in May" (Taylor); "west to Minnesota, eastern Nebraska and Texas" (Goss).

687. Setophaga ruticilla (Linn.).—AMERICAN REDSTART.

West Point, Omaha, Blair, Bellevue, Lincoln, etc. —breeds (L. Bruner); "Common in the timbered river-bottoms of Nebraska, and breeding extensively" (Aughey); "Summer resident, common, arrive in May" (Taylor); "west to and including the Rocky mountains" (Goss); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Cherry county (J. M. Bates); Gage county (F. A. Colby); "a common summer resident, arrives May 1 to 10, breeds June 10 to 25, departs Sept. 1 to 15" (I. S. Trostler).

FAMILY MOTACILLIDÆ.— WAGTAILS.

697. Anthus pensilvanicus (Lath.).—AMERICAN PIPIT; TITLARK.

West Point, Lincoln (L. Bruner); Lancaster county (Aughey); "Migratory, rare, arrives in May and September" (Taylor); "The whole of North America" (Goss); Omaha (L. Skow); Omaha, "a common migrant April 10 to May 1, Sept. 20 to Oct. 10" (I. S. Trostler); Lincoln Oct. 19-25 (D. A. Haggard).

700. Anthus spragueii (Aud.).—SPRAGUE'S TITLARK; MISSOURI TITLARK.

West Point, Lincoln (L. Bruner); "One specimen mentioned by Baird" (Taylor); "Interior plains of North America, east to western Manitoba and eastern Kansas" (Goss); Omaha (L. Skow).

FAMILY CINCLIDÆ.--DIPPERS.

701. Cinclus mexicanus Swains.—AMERICAN DIPPER; WATER OUZEL.

White river in northwest Nebraska (L. Bruner); "Otoe county" (Aughey); "in August on the Niobrara about seven miles from its mouth" (Aughey).