Leading Facts of American History

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xciv
LEADING FACTS OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Seward (sue'ard), W. H., 261, 264 (note), 266

Slave trade in early times, 53

  (note), 281 (note), 335

   foreign, prohibited (1808), 173 (note), 198

Sewing machines (1846, 1853), 249 (note), 263

Slavery, beginning of, in Virginia (1619), 52

Shadrach (shad'rak) rescued, 261

   not then thought wrong, 53

Shafter, General (war with Spain), 377, 378

   spreads through all the colonies, 53

Sharpshooters, in the Revolution, 160 (note)

   in New Netherland, 62

   in War of 1812, 20

   temporarily excluded from Georgia, 107

Shays' Rebellion (1786), 171-172

   introduced into Georgia, 108

Sheep and cattle ranches, 339, 340. See also

   condemned by John Wesley, 107

  Ranches

   upheld by Whitefield, 107, 108

Shenandoah (shen-an-do'ah) Valley, 288, 298, 314,

   excluded from Northwest Territory (1787),

  324

     172

   "Stonewall" Jackson in the (Civil War), 288,

   and the Constitution, 173 (notes)

     298, 315

   and representation in Congress, 173 (note)

   Early's raid in, 312, 314

   and foreign slave trade, 173 (note)

Sheridan's raid in, 314

   provision for recovering fugitive slaves, 174

Sheridan, General (Union), life of, 314 (note)

     (note)

   raid in Shenandoah Valley, 3 14

   the word "slave" not in the Constitution, 173

   ride to Winchester, 315

     (note)

   in battle of Winchester, 315

   Jefferson opposed the extension of, 198

   raids around Richmond '1, 306

   Washington opposed the extension of, 198

Sherman, General W. T., life of, 306 (note)

   what Jefferson said about, 198, 211

   and Mexican War, 255

   importation of slaves forbidden (1808), 173

   in California, 256

     (note), 198

   at Pittsburg Landing (Civil War), 294

   fugitive-slave law of 1643, 76 (note)

   at Vicksburg, 306

   fugitive-slave law of 1787, 172

   in Tennessee, 309

   fugitive-slave law of 1793, 174 (note)

   raid on Meridian, 309

   fugitive-slave law of 1850, 260, 261

   in "Harnmering Campaign," 310

   resistance to Fugitive-Slave Act of 1850, 261

   advances on Atlanta, 315

   effect of cotton gin on (1793-  ), 185, 212

   his march to the sea, 320

   discussion of western extension of, 211

   takes Savannah, 321

   how it divided the country, 212

   letter to President Lincoln, 321

   and the tariff, 212

   announcement of Lee's surrender, 322

   why the South demanded extension of, 213,

   compels Johnston to surrender, 324

     259

   in grand review of Union army, 329

   Why the North opposed extension, 212, 259

Sherman, Roger, 152

   "slavery must have room," 213

Shiloh (shi'loh), 294

   Missouri Compromise Act (1820) and, 213

Ships and shipbuilding (colonial period), 125

   extension of, west of the Mississippi, 213

   "clipper ships," 243

   the dispute said to be settled "forever," 214

   See also Navy and Steamships

     215

Shovels, steam, 393

   "Doughfaces" and, 214 (note)

Siege of Boston (Revolution), 143

   Garrison attacks (1830, 228, 229

   of Yorktown (Revolution), 167-169

   insurrection of slaves (1831), 229

   of Chattanooga (Civil War), 308-309

   Dr. Charming's proposition concerning, 229

   of Petersburg (Civil War), 312, 315, 324

     (and note)

   of Vicksburg (Civil War), 306

   J. Q. Adams offers emancipation petitions,

   of Nashville (Civil War), 321

     229, 230

Sigsbee (sigz'be), 373

   "gag laws" to prevent discussion of, in Con-

Silk production attempted in Georgia, 106

     gress, 230

Silver coinage begun in United States (1792),

   Webster and Lincoln on, 229

  180

   endangered the Union, 229, 231,232

   mines found in West (1851)), 271

   formation of abolition societies, 229

   paper dollars take the place of silver dollars,

   Calhoun declares it a "positive good," 231

     342

     (note), 259

   the silver dollar dropped (1873), 342

   annexation of Texas and (1845), 249

   the "dollar of our fathers " demanded, 347

   Wilmot Proviso and (1848), 259

   Bland Purchase and Coinage Act (1878), 347

   question of opening California and New

     (and note)

     Mexico to, 258-2

   the silver dollar restored (1878), 347 (and

   compromise measures and (1850), 259

    note)

   the "Underground Railroad" and, 261

   demand for free coinage of, 316 (note), 347

   "Uncle Tom's Cabin" and, 261

   great fall in value of, 347, 361 (and note)

   contest between freedom and, 262

   Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890), 360

   Kansas-Nebraska Act and (1854), 265

   Sherman Silver Purchase Act repealed (1893),

   struggle over, in Kansas, 266-268

     364

   Seward's "Higher Law" and, 261

   silver question in politics, 347 (and note), 360,

   Republican party opposes extension of, 266,

     363 (note), 364, 366 (note)

     274

Sims, Admiral, in the Great War, 418

   Dred Scott decision and (1857), 268, 269

Sioux (soo) Indians, 344

   assault on Charles Sumner and, 268

Slater J. F. philanthropist, 353 (note)

   John Brown's raid and (4859), 273

Slater, Samuel, cotton manufacturer (colonial

   general question of extension of, 213, 230, 249,

  period), 184

     259, 265, 269 274

INDEX
xcv

Slavery, declining political power of (1848-1860),

South, negro suffrage in the, 331, 333. See also

  274 (and note), 279

  Suffrage

   Republican party pledged to shut, out of ter-

   restriction of negro suffrage, 333, 341, 371

     ritories, 266, 274

   in the war with Spain, 383

   election of Lincoln and, 274

Sovereignty, Popular, 260

   the enemy of the Union, 277, 279

Specie payment, resumption of, 348

   leads to secession (1860), 277

"Spoils system" established (1829), 227

   the "corner stone" of the Southern Confed-

   denounced by eminent men, 228

     eracy, 277 (note)

   abolished (1883-  ), 349

   brings on Civil War (1861), 277, 301

   See also Civil Service Reform

   North would not interfere with, at the South,

"Spot Resolutions," Lincoln's (1847), 252

     281

  (note)

   General Butler and the" "contrabands" (1861),

Stagecoach to California (1862), 336

     284

Stamp Act (Revolution, 1765), 136, 137

   Fremont's proclamation of emancipation,

   protest against the, 137

     287 (note)

   repealed (1766), 137

   Lincoln's letter to Greeley about, 303 (note)

Stamp Act Congress (1765), 137

   proclamation of emancipation (1863), 301

Standard Oil Company, 272, 357

   three constitutional amendments and (1865-

Standish, Captain Myles (colonial period), 69

      1870), 301 333

Stanton, Secretary, and President Johnson, 333

   emancipation an advantage to the South, 302,

Stark, General, and the Indians, 36

     352-353

   in the Revolution, 158

   See also Abolition, Anti-slavery, Free Soil,

Star of the West fired on (Civil War), 277

     Fugitive Slaves, Reconstruction, and Slaves

"Star-Spangled Banner," song, 207

Slaves, first brought to Virginia, 52

"Stars and Bars" (Confederate flag), 277

   number of, in 1763, 124

"Stars and Stripes," 159 (and note). See also Flag

   how counted in representation, 173 (note)

State constitutions revised (1890-1898), 371

   importation forbidden (1808), 173 (note), 198

State, the, "indestructible," 330

   insurrection of (1831), 229

State legislation, "initiative" and "referendum,"

   emancipated (1863), 301

  371 (note)

   See also Slavery

"State Rights," 234, 277

Slaves, American sailors held as, in Tripoli, 193

State Sovereignty, 234, 277

Slidell (sly-dell) and Mason, 290

States, admitted to the Union. See Table of

Smith, Captain John (1607), 45, 46, 47

  States in Appendix

Smith, Joseph, founder of the Mormons (1830),

   secession of, 274, See also Secession

  241. See also Mormons

   reconstruction of, 330. See also Reconstruc-

Smuggling by the colonists, 126, 139

     tion

Snake, Franklin's, 119

   declared "indestructible" (1868), 330

Soil, Free, party, 259, 262 (note). See also Polit-

   total number now, 400

  ical parties

   See also Constitutions, Laws, Union, United

Soil, conservation of the, 397. See also Agricul-

     States

  ture, Crops, Drainage, Farms, irrigation, and

Statue of George III pulled down (Revolution), 152

   Land

Statue of Liberty, 357

Songs, political and national, 121, 143, 188, 207,

Statutes or laws. See Laws

  245, 266, 273, 339

Steam shovels, 395

   Confederate, in the Civil War, 300, 314

Steam Wagons or locomotives (7830), 222, 223

     (note)

Steamboat, Fitch's (1787), 197 (note)

   Union, in the Civil War, 273, 398, 308, 320

   Fulton's (1807), 197

     (note)

   in the West (1811-1818), 198, 234

   See also Poems of American History

   first ocean steamer (1819), 198

"Sons of Liberty" (Revolution), 139

Steamships, first one to cross Atlantic (1819), 198

South, in the colonial period, 41-58, 99-93, 97-

   first regular line of steamships (1840), 243

  101 106-108, 128, 130. See also Colonies.

   modem steamships, 244

   the, in the Revolution, 137, 139, 140, 141, 144,

Steel manufacture, 3.57, 367,368

     146, 163, 164, 165, 166-169

Steele, Mrs., in the Revolution, 166

   and slavery, 52. See also Slavery.

Stephens, Alexander H., 276 (note), 277 (note)

   cotton raising in the, 351. See also Cotton.

Steuben (stoo'ben), Baron (Revolution), -57

   why the, wanted new slave states, 259

Stewart, the Peggy, burned (1774), 139

   dreaded emancipation of negroes, 259, 274

Stocks, punishment by the, 130

   loss of political power by the (1848-1860), 274

"Stonewall "Jackson, General (Confederate), 255

     (note)

  See also Jackson

   nullification in the, 189, 231, 232, 234

Stores, great department, 357

   South Carolina secedes (1860), 276

Stowe, Mrs. H. B., authoress, 261

   ten other states secede, 276, 284. See also

Strahan, Franklin's letter to, -46, 147

     Secession

Strikes, some great, 346

   Southern Confederacy formed (1861), 276

   Baltimore and Ohio Railway (1877), 346

   Civil War begins, 277, 281. See also Wars.

   the Chicago (1886), 356

   reconstruction of the seceded states (1866-

   the Homestead (1892), 362

     1870), 332, 340. See also Reconstruction

   the Pullman (1894), 365

   withdrawal of Union troops from the, 345

   the hard oal (1902), 392

   the "solid South," 346

   in general, 355, 356

   progress of, since the war, 351, 352

   efforts to do away with, 398

   the "New South," 351

   See also Labor.

xcvi
LEADING FACTS OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Stuart, General (Confederate), 298

Telegraph, the wireless, invented (1896), 248

Stuyvesant (sti've-sant), Governor, 62-64

   Pacific cable laid (1902), 334, 393

Submarine, 197, 411

   message sent by wireless to Europe (1903), 393

Subtreasuries of the United States, 241 (note)

   consolidation of lines, 357

Suffrage, right of (colonial period) 81, 83, 104

   See also Samuel Morse

   restricted (colonial period), So: 62, 73, 95

Telephone invented (1876), 247, 343

   granted to negroes, 331, 333

   the long-distance, 343 412

   negro, restricted in South, 333, 341, 371

   the wireless, experiments with (1908), 343

   white, restricted in South, 331

Temperance cause, the, 224, 225 (and note)

   and the "Solid South," 346

   prohibition in Georgia (colonial period), 107,

   and "initiative" and "referendum," 371 (note)

     108

   and the "Dorr rebellion," 246

   first temperance society (1826), 224

   and the Australian or secret ballot, 363

   prohibition in Maine (1851), 225

   woman, 360 (and note), 435

   restrictions on liquor traffic, 225

   what Americans can do by their vote, 370,403

   prohibition amendment to Constitution, 225

   See also Ballot and Vote

Tennessee settled (1769), 183

Sumner, Charles, 262, 268

Tenure of office Act (1867), 333. See also Laws

   assaulted in the Senate, 268

Territory acquired by United States (1903-1917),

Sumter, Fort (Civil War), 281. See also Battles

  382

Sumter, General (Revolution), 164, 167

   Louisiana (1805), 193

Suspension Bridge, the Brooklyn, 349

   Florida (1819), 211

Sutter (soo'ter), Captain, 256

   Texas (1845), 249, 255 (note)

Swedes settle Delaware (1638), 96

   Oregon (1846), 252

   at the West, 2 (note)

   Mexican cessions, California, etc. (1848), 255

   See also Northmen

     (and note)



   Gadsden Purchase (1853), 255

Taft, William H., life of, 402 (note)

   Alaska (1867), 334

   elected President, 401

   Hawaii (hah~wy'ee) (1898), 380

Taney (taw'ne), Chief Justice, 269

   Porto Rico, Philippines (1898, 1917), 380, 382,

Tariff, the first (1789), 179

     412-413

   tariff legislation in general, 231 (note)

   Virgin Islands bought (1917), 382

   first high protective (1816), 208

    summary of territory acquired (1803-1917), 382

   North and South disagree about, 212, 213

Territory, ordinance for government of North-

   Clay's high protective (1824, 1828, 1832), 231

   west (1787), 170, 172, 211

   the, of "Abominations" (1828), 231

   controversy over extension of slavery to free,

   and nullification (1832), 232

     212, 213, 259, 266

   Clay's "compromise tariff" (1833), 234

   See also Emancipation, Fugitive Slaves,

   revenue or free-trade (1846-1860) 231 (note)

     Kansas-Nebraska Act, Missouri Compro-

   McKinley protective (1890), 361 (and note)

     mise, Popular Sovereignty, Slavery, and

   Wilson 894),365; Dingley (1897), 366; Payne

     Wilmot Proviso

   (1909), 403; Underwood (1913), 408-409

Texas claimed by United States (1803), 2 11

Taxation, of the colonies by England, 135-139

   claim given up (1819), 211

   what Burke said about, 136

   annexed (1845), 249

   like shearing a wolf, 136

   and the Mexican War (1846), 252, 255

   the colonies resist, 136, 137, 139

   money paid for, 255 (note)

   "Without representation is tyranny," 137

Thomas, General (Union), 292, 308, 309, 321

   colonies claim right of self-taxation, 141

Ticonderoga taken by Ethan Allen (Revolution),

   the English Stamp Act (1765), 136-138

  144

   resistance to the Stamp Act, 137-138

   guns obtained from (Revolution), 148

   repeal of Stamp Act (1766), 138

   retaken by the British, 157

   English Declaratory Act (1766), 138

Tilden-Hayes' disputed election (1876), 345

   the Townshend (toun'zend) Acts (1767), 138

"Tippecanoe and Tyler too," song, 245

   on tea sent to colonies (1773), 139

Tobacco discovered in Virginia (1585), 29, 39

   colonists refuse the tea (1773-1774), 139

   Queen Elizabeth tries a little, 29

   England offers representation with (1778), 161

   cultivation of, begins in Virginia (1612), 48-50

Taxation by the United States (1789), 179. See

   used as money in Virginia, 48

   also Tariff

   exportation or, from Virginia, 48, 56, 126

   on foreign vessels (1789), 179

   what it did for Virginia, 48

   on whisky (1794), 186

   value of the crop now, 48 (note)

   in the Civil War (1861-1865), 286

Tohopeka (to-ho-pee'kah), 205

   in war with Spain (1908), 374

Toleration Act (1649), 90-91. See also Laws

   of incomes (1913), 409; in the Great War, 416

  repealed, 91

TayIor, General Z., in Indian wars, 237

Toleration, religious, none formerly, 72, 75

   in Mexican War, 252, 253

   extended, 81

   life of, 258 (note); presidency of, 258

   See also Laws and Religious Liberty

"Tea Party," the Boston (1773), 139

Tonnage Act (1789), 179. See also Laws

Tea ship Peggy Stewart burned (1774), 139

Topeka (to-pe'kah), 267

Tea, taxed, the colonists refuse (Revolution), 139

Tories of the Revolution, 141, 149, 157, 158, 163

Tecumseh's (te-cum'seh) conspiracy, 200

Town meeting in the colonies, 70, 73, 126

Telegraph, invented (1844), 247

   local government by, 70, 73, 126

   first public message by (1844), 247

   what Jefferson said about, 73

   Atlantic cable laid (1858), 247

Townshend (toun'zend) Acts (1767), 138. See also

   Atlantic cable relaid (1866), 247, 334

  Laws of Parliament

INDEX
xcvii

Trade, Europe's, with the Indies, 4

"Trusts," laws concerning, 357

   Columbus seeks, with the Indies, 4

   government regulation of, 357

   enlarged by discovery of America, 31)

Truxtun, Commodore, 193

   Cabot seeks trade route to Indies, 15

Tulane (too-lane'), Paul, 353 (note)

   Drake seeks trade route to the Indies, 28

Tunnels, New York City, 350

   colonists seek trade route to the Indies, 44

Tweed, "Boss," 341 yler

   foreign, of the colonies, 44, 48, 56, 59, 71, 73,

Tyler, John, becomes President, 245

      82, 100, 108, 125

   quarrels with Congress, 246

   restrictions on, 55

Typewriter, first practical (1876), 343

Trade, foreign slave, in early times, 53

   prohibited in 1808, 173 (note), 198

"Uncle Billy," etc. (Civil War), 324

   See also Cotton, Fur, Lumber, Rice,

"Uncle Sam is rich enough," song, 339

     Tobacco

"Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1852), 261

Trade of United States, restrictions on (1783-

"Unconditional Surrender" Grant, 294 (note)

  1787), 171

"Underground Railroad" and slavery, 261

   embargo on (1807), 196

Union or American colonies, 38

   temporarily reopened with England (1809), 199

   effect of Indian wars on, 39

   great increase in our foreign, 367, 391

   the New England Confederation (1643), 76

   See also Bounties, Commerce, Exports, Inter-

   attempts at forming, in 1754, 119

     state Commerce, Manufactures, Naviga-

   dread of, by England, 120

     tion Acts, Railway Rate Act, and Tariffs

   Union of the American states (1776 150, 152

Transportation cheapened by canals, 221. See

   Articles of Confederation (1781), 170

  also Canals, Commerce, Interstate Commerce,

   critical period of the (1781-1787), 171-173

  Exports, Express, Railway Rate Act, Railways,

   under the Constitution (1788), 173, 175

  Roads, Steamboats, Steamships

   doubt whether it could embrace the Far West,

Transportation Act (1774), 140 (note). See also

     192

   Laws of Parliament

   nullification and the (1798-1799), 189

Travel (colonial period), 129

   nullification in South Carolina and the (1832),

   modern, 215, 243, 244, 343, 344, 395

     232, 234

Treason, Benedict Arnold guilty of, 165

   threats of secession from the (1833), 232

   Burr tried for, 196

   Webster's speech in behalf of the, 232

Treasury, independent United States (1846), 240,

   "Liberty and Union," 330

  241 (and note). See also Subtreasuries

   Jackson determines to save the, 234

Treaties, Pilgrims with Indians (1621), 70, 79

   the, vs. State Sovereignty, 234, 277

   Quakers with Indians (1674), 65

   endangered by slavery, 259

   Penn with Indians (1682), 104 (arid note)

   denounced by Garrison, 229

   what Voltaire said about, 104 (note)

   the war to save the, inevitable, 279

   England with France (1763), 123

   Lincoln on the, 281

   United States with France (1778), 160

   Lincoln's letter on saving the, 303 (note)

   United States with England (1783), 170

   what the Civil War settled concerning the, 330

   United States with Indians (1795), 183

   "an indestructible Union composed of in-

   Jay's, with England (1795), 186

   destructible states," 330

   United States with Spain (1795), 186

   the, and reconstruction, 330-332, 340

   United States with France for Louisiana

   effect of railways on the, 337

     (1803), 193

   what the Union offers, 435

   United States with Tripoli (1805), 193

   See also America, Constitutions, Flag Nullifi-

   United States with England (1814), 207

     cation, Reconstruction, Secession, Slavery,

   United States with Spain for Florida (1819),

     United States, and Wars

     211

"Unite or die," 119

   United States with England (1842), 246

United States, independence declared (1776), 150

   United States with England (1846), 252

   in the Revolution. See Revolution

   United States with Mexico (1848), 255

   independence secured (1783), 170

   United States with Mexico (1853), 255

   Articles of Confederation (1781), 170

   United States withStates with Japan (1854), 264, 265

   critical period of (1781-1787), 171-173

   United States with Russia for Alaska (1867),

   Constitution of the (1788), 173 -175

     334

   government organized (1789), 178-179

   United States with England (Alabama claims)

   growth of (1776-1910), 382, 403

     (1871), 344

   growth of Cities of, 278, 279

   United States with Hawaii (1898), 380

   "trusts" and corporations of, 356

   United States with Spain (1898), 380

   revenue and expenditures, 398 (note), 416

   Hague Peace Conference (1901), 389

   wealth of, 387, 388

   recent arbitration (1907-1908), 398

   debt of, 335 (note), 416

   various boundary, 246, 252, 255

   area of, 382 (and note), 434 (and note)

   German peace (1919-1920), 431 (note 3), 432

   population of, 391, 403; in 1920, 432

   Conference treaties (1921-1922), 435

   natural resources of, 31, 113, 397, 403

Tree planting encouraged, 387, See also Forests

   deposits in savings banks in, 387

Trent Affair, the (Civil War), 290

   civil service of, 349 (note)

Tribute paid to Tripoli, 193

   annual fire losses in, 341

Tripoli gives up demand for, 193

   great disasters in, 341, 399

Tripoli (trip'o-le), war with (1801), 193

   present condition of, 381, 401, 403, 412-421

"Trusts," defined, 356 (note)

   what people of, are trying to do, 394-399

   organized, 356, 357

   the, in the Great War, 411-432

   condemned by Wilson tariff, 365

   advantages offered by the, 435

Seward (sue'ard), W. H., 261, 264 (note), 266	Slave trade in early times, 53
(note), 281 (note), 335	foreign, prohibited (1808), 173 (note), 198
Sewing machines (1846, 1853), 249 (note), 263	Slavery, beginning of, in Virginia (1619), 52
Shadrach (shad'rak) rescued, 261	not then thought wrong, 53
Shafter, General (war with Spain), 377, 378	spreads through all the colonies, 53
Sharpshooters, in the Revolution, 160 (note)	in New Netherland, 62
in War of 1812, 20	temporarily excluded from Georgia, 107
Shays' Rebellion (1786), 171-172	introduced into Georgia, 108
Sheep and cattle ranches, 339, 340. See also	condemned by John Wesley, 107
Ranches	upheld by Whitefield, 107, 108
Shenandoah (shen-an-do'ah) Valley, 288, 298, 314,	excluded from Northwest Territory (1787),
324	172
"Stonewall" Jackson in the (Civil War), 288,	and the Constitution, 173 (notes)
298, 315	and representation in Congress, 173 (note)
Early's raid in, 312, 314	and foreign slave trade, 173 (note)
Sheridan's raid in, 314	provision for recovering fugitive slaves, 174
Sheridan, General (Union), life of, 314 (note)	(note)
raid in Shenandoah Valley, 3 14	the word "slave" not in the Constitution, 173
ride to Winchester, 315	(note)
in battle of Winchester, 315	Jefferson opposed the extension of, 198
raids around Richmond '1, 306	Washington opposed the extension of, 198
Sherman, General W. T., life of, 306 (note)	what Jefferson said about, 198, 211
and Mexican War, 255	importation of slaves forbidden (1808), 173
in California, 256	(note), 198
at Pittsburg Landing (Civil War), 294	fugitive-slave law of 1643, 76 (note)
at Vicksburg, 306	fugitive-slave law of 1787, 172
in Tennessee, 309	fugitive-slave law of 1793, 174 (note)
raid on Meridian, 309	fugitive-slave law of 1850, 260, 261
in "Harnmering Campaign," 310	resistance to Fugitive-Slave Act of 1850, 261
advances on Atlanta, 315	effect of cotton gin on (1793- ), 185, 212
his march to the sea, 320	discussion of western extension of, 211
takes Savannah, 321	how it divided the country, 212
letter to President Lincoln, 321	and the tariff, 212
announcement of Lee's surrender, 322	why the South demanded extension of, 213,
compels Johnston to surrender, 324	259
in grand review of Union army, 329	Why the North opposed extension, 212, 259
Sherman, Roger, 152	"slavery must have room," 213
Shiloh (shi'loh), 294	Missouri Compromise Act (1820) and, 213
Ships and shipbuilding (colonial period), 125	extension of, west of the Mississippi, 213
"clipper ships," 243	the dispute said to be settled "forever," 214
See also Navy and Steamships	215
Shovels, steam, 393	"Doughfaces" and, 214 (note)
Siege of Boston (Revolution), 143	Garrison attacks (1830, 228, 229
of Yorktown (Revolution), 167-169	insurrection of slaves (1831), 229
of Chattanooga (Civil War), 308-309	Dr. Charming's proposition concerning, 229
of Petersburg (Civil War), 312, 315, 324	(and note)
of Vicksburg (Civil War), 306	J. Q. Adams offers emancipation petitions,
of Nashville (Civil War), 321	229, 230
Sigsbee (sigz'be), 373	"gag laws" to prevent discussion of, in Con-
Silk production attempted in Georgia, 106	gress, 230

Silver coinage begun in United States (1792),	Webster and Lincoln on, 229
180	endangered the Union, 229, 231,232
mines found in West (1851)), 271	formation of abolition societies, 229
paper dollars take the place of silver dollars,	Calhoun declares it a "positive good," 231
342	(note), 259
the silver dollar dropped (1873), 342	annexation of Texas and (1845), 249
the "dollar of our fathers " demanded, 347	Wilmot Proviso and (1848), 259
Bland Purchase and Coinage Act (1878), 347	question of opening California and New
(and note)	Mexico to, 258-2
the silver dollar restored (1878), 347 (and	compromise measures and (1850), 259
note)	the "Underground Railroad" and, 261
demand for free coinage of, 316 (note), 347	"Uncle Tom's Cabin" and, 261
great fall in value of, 347, 361 (and note)	contest between freedom and, 262
Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890), 360	Kansas-Nebraska Act and (1854), 265
Sherman Silver Purchase Act repealed (1893),	struggle over, in Kansas, 266-268
364	Seward's "Higher Law" and, 261
silver question in politics, 347 (and note), 360,	Republican party opposes extension of, 266,
363 (note), 364, 366 (note)	274
Sims, Admiral, in the Great War, 418	Dred Scott decision and (1857), 268, 269
Sioux (soo) Indians, 344	assault on Charles Sumner and, 268
Slater J. F. philanthropist, 353 (note)	John Brown's raid and (4859), 273
Slater, Samuel, cotton manufacturer (colonial	general question of extension of, 213, 230, 249,
period), 184	259, 265, 269 274

Slavery, declining political power of (1848-1860),	South, negro suffrage in the, 331, 333. See also
274 (and note), 279	Suffrage
Republican party pledged to shut, out of ter-	restriction of negro suffrage, 333, 341, 371
ritories, 266, 274	in the war with Spain, 383
election of Lincoln and, 274	Sovereignty, Popular, 260
the enemy of the Union, 277, 279	Specie payment, resumption of, 348
leads to secession (1860), 277	"Spoils system" established (1829), 227
the "corner stone" of the Southern Confed-	denounced by eminent men, 228
eracy, 277 (note)	abolished (1883- ), 349
brings on Civil War (1861), 277, 301	See also Civil Service Reform
North would not interfere with, at the South,	"Spot Resolutions," Lincoln's (1847), 252
281	(note)
General Butler and the" "contrabands" (1861),	Stagecoach to California (1862), 336
284	Stamp Act (Revolution, 1765), 136, 137
Fremont's proclamation of emancipation,	protest against the, 137
287 (note)	repealed (1766), 137
Lincoln's letter to Greeley about, 303 (note)	Stamp Act Congress (1765), 137
proclamation of emancipation (1863), 301	Standard Oil Company, 272, 357
three constitutional amendments and (1865-	Standish, Captain Myles (colonial period), 69
1870), 301 333	Stanton, Secretary, and President Johnson, 333
emancipation an advantage to the South, 302,	Stark, General, and the Indians, 36
352-353	in the Revolution, 158
See also Abolition, Anti-slavery, Free Soil,	Star of the West fired on (Civil War), 277
Fugitive Slaves, Reconstruction, and Slaves	"Star-Spangled Banner," song, 207
Slaves, first brought to Virginia, 52	"Stars and Bars" (Confederate flag), 277
number of, in 1763, 124	"Stars and Stripes," 159 (and note). See also Flag
how counted in representation, 173 (note)	State constitutions revised (1890-1898), 371
importation forbidden (1808), 173 (note), 198	State, the, "indestructible," 330
insurrection of (1831), 229	State legislation, "initiative" and "referendum,"
emancipated (1863), 301	371 (note)
See also Slavery	"State Rights," 234, 277
Slaves, American sailors held as, in Tripoli, 193	State Sovereignty, 234, 277
Slidell (sly-dell) and Mason, 290	States, admitted to the Union. See Table of
Smith, Captain John (1607), 45, 46, 47	States in Appendix
Smith, Joseph, founder of the Mormons (1830),	secession of, 274, See also Secession
241. See also Mormons	reconstruction of, 330. See also Reconstruc-
Smuggling by the colonists, 126, 139	tion
Snake, Franklin's, 119	declared "indestructible" (1868), 330
Soil, Free, party, 259, 262 (note). See also Polit-	total number now, 400
ical parties	See also Constitutions, Laws, Union, United
Soil, conservation of the, 397. See also Agricul-	States
ture, Crops, Drainage, Farms, irrigation, and	Statue of George III pulled down (Revolution), 152
Land	Statue of Liberty, 357
Songs, political and national, 121, 143, 188, 207,	Statutes or laws. See Laws
245, 266, 273, 339	Steam shovels, 395
Confederate, in the Civil War, 300, 314	Steam Wagons or locomotives (7830), 222, 223
(note)	Steamboat, Fitch's (1787), 197 (note)
Union, in the Civil War, 273, 398, 308, 320	Fulton's (1807), 197
(note)	in the West (1811-1818), 198, 234
See also Poems of American History	first ocean steamer (1819), 198

"Sons of Liberty" (Revolution), 139	Steamships, first one to cross Atlantic (1819), 198
South, in the colonial period, 41-58, 99-93, 97-	first regular line of steamships (1840), 243
101 106-108, 128, 130. See also Colonies.	modem steamships, 244
the, in the Revolution, 137, 139, 140, 141, 144,	Steel manufacture, 3.57, 367,368
146, 163, 164, 165, 166-169	Steele, Mrs., in the Revolution, 166
and slavery, 52. See also Slavery.	Stephens, Alexander H., 276 (note), 277 (note)
cotton raising in the, 351. See also Cotton.	Steuben (stoo'ben), Baron (Revolution), -57
why the, wanted new slave states, 259	Stewart, the Peggy, burned (1774), 139
dreaded emancipation of negroes, 259, 274	Stocks, punishment by the, 130
loss of political power by the (1848-1860), 274	"Stonewall "Jackson, General (Confederate), 255
(note)	See also Jackson
nullification in the, 189, 231, 232, 234	Stores, great department, 357
South Carolina secedes (1860), 276	Stowe, Mrs. H. B., authoress, 261
ten other states secede, 276, 284. See also	Strahan, Franklin's letter to, -46, 147
Secession	Strikes, some great, 346
Southern Confederacy formed (1861), 276	Baltimore and Ohio Railway (1877), 346
Civil War begins, 277, 281. See also Wars.	the Chicago (1886), 356
reconstruction of the seceded states (1866-	the Homestead (1892), 362
1870), 332, 340. See also Reconstruction	the Pullman (1894), 365
withdrawal of Union troops from the, 345	the hard oal (1902), 392
the "solid South," 346	in general, 355, 356
progress of, since the war, 351, 352	efforts to do away with, 398
the "New South," 351	See also Labor.

Stuart, General (Confederate), 298	Telegraph, the wireless, invented (1896), 248
Stuyvesant (sti've-sant), Governor, 62-64	Pacific cable laid (1902), 334, 393
Submarine, 197, 411	message sent by wireless to Europe (1903), 393
Subtreasuries of the United States, 241 (note)	consolidation of lines, 357
Suffrage, right of (colonial period) 81, 83, 104	See also Samuel Morse
restricted (colonial period), So: 62, 73, 95	Telephone invented (1876), 247, 343
granted to negroes, 331, 333	the long-distance, 343 412
negro, restricted in South, 333, 341, 371	the wireless, experiments with (1908), 343
white, restricted in South, 331	Temperance cause, the, 224, 225 (and note)
and the "Solid South," 346	prohibition in Georgia (colonial period), 107,
and "initiative" and "referendum," 371 (note)	108
and the "Dorr rebellion," 246	first temperance society (1826), 224
and the Australian or secret ballot, 363	prohibition in Maine (1851), 225
woman, 360 (and note), 435	restrictions on liquor traffic, 225
what Americans can do by their vote, 370,403	prohibition amendment to Constitution, 225
See also Ballot and Vote	Tennessee settled (1769), 183
Sumner, Charles, 262, 268	Tenure of office Act (1867), 333. See also Laws
assaulted in the Senate, 268	Territory acquired by United States (1903-1917),
Sumter, Fort (Civil War), 281. See also Battles	382
Sumter, General (Revolution), 164, 167	Louisiana (1805), 193
Suspension Bridge, the Brooklyn, 349	Florida (1819), 211
Sutter (soo'ter), Captain, 256	Texas (1845), 249, 255 (note)
Swedes settle Delaware (1638), 96	Oregon (1846), 252
at the West, 2 (note)	Mexican cessions, California, etc. (1848), 255
See also Northmen	(and note)
	Gadsden Purchase (1853), 255
Taft, William H., life of, 402 (note)	Alaska (1867), 334
elected President, 401	Hawaii (hah~wy'ee) (1898), 380
Taney (taw'ne), Chief Justice, 269	Porto Rico, Philippines (1898, 1917), 380, 382,
Tariff, the first (1789), 179	412-413
tariff legislation in general, 231 (note)	Virgin Islands bought (1917), 382
first high protective (1816), 208	summary of territory acquired (1803-1917), 382
North and South disagree about, 212, 213	Territory, ordinance for government of North-
Clay's high protective (1824, 1828, 1832), 231	west (1787), 170, 172, 211
the, of "Abominations" (1828), 231	controversy over extension of slavery to free,
and nullification (1832), 232	212, 213, 259, 266
Clay's "compromise tariff" (1833), 234	See also Emancipation, Fugitive Slaves,
revenue or free-trade (1846-1860) 231 (note)	Kansas-Nebraska Act, Missouri Compro-
McKinley protective (1890), 361 (and note)	mise, Popular Sovereignty, Slavery, and
Wilson 894),365; Dingley (1897), 366; Payne	Wilmot Proviso
(1909), 403; Underwood (1913), 408-409	Texas claimed by United States (1803), 2 11
Taxation, of the colonies by England, 135-139	claim given up (1819), 211
what Burke said about, 136	annexed (1845), 249
like shearing a wolf, 136	and the Mexican War (1846), 252, 255
the colonies resist, 136, 137, 139	money paid for, 255 (note)
"Without representation is tyranny," 137	Thomas, General (Union), 292, 308, 309, 321
colonies claim right of self-taxation, 141	Ticonderoga taken by Ethan Allen (Revolution),
the English Stamp Act (1765), 136-138	144
resistance to the Stamp Act, 137-138	guns obtained from (Revolution), 148
repeal of Stamp Act (1766), 138	retaken by the British, 157

English Declaratory Act (1766), 138	Tilden-Hayes' disputed election (1876), 345
the Townshend (toun'zend) Acts (1767), 138	"Tippecanoe and Tyler too," song, 245
on tea sent to colonies (1773), 139	Tobacco discovered in Virginia (1585), 29, 39
colonists refuse the tea (1773-1774), 139	Queen Elizabeth tries a little, 29
England offers representation with (1778), 161	cultivation of, begins in Virginia (1612), 48-50
Taxation by the United States (1789), 179. See	used as money in Virginia, 48
also Tariff	exportation or, from Virginia, 48, 56, 126
on foreign vessels (1789), 179	what it did for Virginia, 48
on whisky (1794), 186	value of the crop now, 48 (note)
in the Civil War (1861-1865), 286	Tohopeka (to-ho-pee'kah), 205
in war with Spain (1908), 374	Toleration Act (1649), 90-91. See also Laws
of incomes (1913), 409; in the Great War, 416	repealed, 91
TayIor, General Z., in Indian wars, 237	Toleration, religious, none formerly, 72, 75
in Mexican War, 252, 253	extended, 81
life of, 258 (note); presidency of, 258	See also Laws and Religious Liberty
"Tea Party," the Boston (1773), 139	Tonnage Act (1789), 179. See also Laws
Tea ship Peggy Stewart burned (1774), 139	Topeka (to-pe'kah), 267
Tea, taxed, the colonists refuse (Revolution), 139	Tories of the Revolution, 141, 149, 157, 158, 163
Tecumseh's (te-cum'seh) conspiracy, 200	Town meeting in the colonies, 70, 73, 126
Telegraph, invented (1844), 247	local government by, 70, 73, 126
first public message by (1844), 247	what Jefferson said about, 73
Atlantic cable laid (1858), 247	Townshend (toun'zend) Acts (1767), 138. See also
Atlantic cable relaid (1866), 247, 334	Laws of Parliament

Trade, Europe's, with the Indies, 4	"Trusts," laws concerning, 357
Columbus seeks, with the Indies, 4	government regulation of, 357
enlarged by discovery of America, 31)	Truxtun, Commodore, 193
Cabot seeks trade route to Indies, 15	Tulane (too-lane'), Paul, 353 (note)
Drake seeks trade route to the Indies, 28	Tunnels, New York City, 350
colonists seek trade route to the Indies, 44	Tweed, "Boss," 341 yler
foreign, of the colonies, 44, 48, 56, 59, 71, 73,	Tyler, John, becomes President, 245
82, 100, 108, 125	quarrels with Congress, 246
restrictions on, 55	Typewriter, first practical (1876), 343
Trade, foreign slave, in early times, 53
prohibited in 1808, 173 (note), 198	"Uncle Billy," etc. (Civil War), 324
See also Cotton, Fur, Lumber, Rice,	"Uncle Sam is rich enough," song, 339
Tobacco	"Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1852), 261
Trade of United States, restrictions on (1783-	"Unconditional Surrender" Grant, 294 (note)
1787), 171	"Underground Railroad" and slavery, 261
embargo on (1807), 196	Union or American colonies, 38
temporarily reopened with England (1809), 199	effect of Indian wars on, 39
great increase in our foreign, 367, 391	the New England Confederation (1643), 76
See also Bounties, Commerce, Exports, Inter-	attempts at forming, in 1754, 119
state Commerce, Manufactures, Naviga-	dread of, by England, 120
tion Acts, Railway Rate Act, and Tariffs	Union of the American states (1776 150, 152
Transportation cheapened by canals, 221. See	Articles of Confederation (1781), 170
also Canals, Commerce, Interstate Commerce,	critical period of the (1781-1787), 171-173
Exports, Express, Railway Rate Act, Railways,	under the Constitution (1788), 173, 175
Roads, Steamboats, Steamships	doubt whether it could embrace the Far West,
Transportation Act (1774), 140 (note). See also	192
Laws of Parliament	nullification and the (1798-1799), 189
Travel (colonial period), 129	nullification in South Carolina and the (1832),
modern, 215, 243, 244, 343, 344, 395	232, 234
Treason, Benedict Arnold guilty of, 165	threats of secession from the (1833), 232
Burr tried for, 196	Webster's speech in behalf of the, 232
Treasury, independent United States (1846), 240,	"Liberty and Union," 330
241 (and note). See also Subtreasuries	Jackson determines to save the, 234
Treaties, Pilgrims with Indians (1621), 70, 79	the, vs. State Sovereignty, 234, 277
Quakers with Indians (1674), 65	endangered by slavery, 259
Penn with Indians (1682), 104 (arid note)	denounced by Garrison, 229
what Voltaire said about, 104 (note)	the war to save the, inevitable, 279
England with France (1763), 123	Lincoln on the, 281
United States with France (1778), 160	Lincoln's letter on saving the, 303 (note)
United States with England (1783), 170	what the Civil War settled concerning the, 330
United States with Indians (1795), 183	"an indestructible Union composed of in-
Jay's, with England (1795), 186	destructible states," 330
United States with Spain (1795), 186	the, and reconstruction, 330-332, 340
United States with France for Louisiana	effect of railways on the, 337
(1803), 193	what the Union offers, 435
United States with Tripoli (1805), 193	See also America, Constitutions, Flag Nullifi-
United States with England (1814), 207	cation, Reconstruction, Secession, Slavery,
United States with Spain for Florida (1819),	United States, and Wars
211	"Unite or die," 119
United States with England (1842), 246	United States, independence declared (1776), 150

United States with England (1846), 252	in the Revolution. See Revolution
United States with Mexico (1848), 255	independence secured (1783), 170
United States with Mexico (1853), 255	Articles of Confederation (1781), 170
United States withStates with Japan (1854), 264, 265	critical period of (1781-1787), 171-173
United States with Russia for Alaska (1867),	Constitution of the (1788), 173 -175
334	government organized (1789), 178-179
United States with England (Alabama claims)	growth of (1776-1910), 382, 403
(1871), 344	growth of Cities of, 278, 279
United States with Hawaii (1898), 380	"trusts" and corporations of, 356
United States with Spain (1898), 380	revenue and expenditures, 398 (note), 416
Hague Peace Conference (1901), 389	wealth of, 387, 388
recent arbitration (1907-1908), 398	debt of, 335 (note), 416
various boundary, 246, 252, 255	area of, 382 (and note), 434 (and note)
German peace (1919-1920), 431 (note 3), 432	population of, 391, 403; in 1920, 432
Conference treaties (1921-1922), 435	natural resources of, 31, 113, 397, 403
Tree planting encouraged, 387, See also Forests	deposits in savings banks in, 387
Trent Affair, the (Civil War), 290	civil service of, 349 (note)
Tribute paid to Tripoli, 193	annual fire losses in, 341
Tripoli gives up demand for, 193	great disasters in, 341, 399
Tripoli (trip'o-le), war with (1801), 193	present condition of, 381, 401, 403, 412-421
"Trusts," defined, 356 (note)	what people of, are trying to do, 394-399
organized, 356, 357	the, in the Great War, 411-432
condemned by Wilson tariff, 365	advantages offered by the, 435