563. Spizella pusilla (Wilson).--FIELD SPARROW.

Lincoln, West Point, Rulo, Weeping Water, etc. (L. Bruner); "Summer resident, common, arrives as early as the last of April and has been found as late as September" (Taylor); "West to the edge of the Great Plains" (Goss), Beatrice, De Witt—nesting (A. S. Pearse); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Omaha, "an abundant migrant and common summer resident, arrives March 20 to May 1, breeds May 10 to Aug. 1—three broods—departs Sept. 15 to Oct. 10" (I. S. Trostler).

563a. Spizella pusilla arenacea Chadb.—WESTERN FIELD SPARROW.

Cherry county (J. M. Bates); "Great Plains, from Texas to Montana and Dakota" (A. 0. U. Check List).

566. Junco aikeni Ridgw.—WHITE-WINGED JUNCO.

"Rocky mountains in Colorado and Wyoming, straggling east in winter to middle Kansas and Indian Territory" (Goss); Ft. Robinson, Sioux county, December, 1895 (L. Bruner, D. A. Haggard); Sioux county, Feb. 18 to 29, 1896, abundant (L. Bruner, W. D. Hunter, L. Skow).

Several specimens were taken in which the white wing-bands were wanting, and a single one with decidedly pinkish sides.

567. Junco hyemalis (Linn.).—JUNCO; SLATE-COLORED SNOWBIRD.

Lincoln, Omaha, Bellevue, West Point, Rulo, etc. (L. Bruner); "A few are found here during the whole year, but the great mass pass northward in spring" (Aughey); "Winter resident, abundant" (Taylor); "South in winter throughout the eastern United States and straggling westward to the Pacific coast" (Goss); Beatrice (A. S. Pearse); Omaha (L. Skow); Gage county (F. A. Colby); Omaha, an abundant winter resident, Oct. 10 to 30, March 20 to April 10--a few seen during summer—probably breeds here" (I. S. Trostler); Lincoln, March 23 (D. A. Haggard).

567a. Junco hyemalis oregonus (Towns.).—OREGON JUNCO.

West Point, Lincoln (L. Bruner); "Baird mentions two specimens taken in October, probably a rare winter resident in the western part of the state" (Taylor); "In winter straggling east to the Mississippi river" (Goss); Sioux county, December, 1895 (L. Bruner, D. A. Haggard); "In winter to middle Kansas" (Ridgeway); Omaha (L. Skow); Sioux county, Feb. 19, 1896 (L. Skow); Long Pine, April 8 (J. M. Bates).

567b. Junco hyemalis shufeldti Coale.—SHUFELDT'S JUNCO.

Cherry county, Nebr. (J. M. Bates); "Accidental in Michigan, Illinois, Massachusetts, Maryland, etc. (A. 0. U. Check List).

568. Junco annectens Baird.—PINK-SIDED JUNCO.

Lincoln, March 11, 1895 (Student).

569. Junco caniceps ( Woodh.).—GRAY-HEADED JUNCO.

Sioux county, Dec. 14, 1895 (L. Bruner, D. A. Haggard).

578. Peucæa cassini (Woodh.).—CASSIN'S SPARROW.

Summer resident in middle and western part of Kansas (Goss); central and western Kansas (A. 0. U. Check List); this bird very likely reaches the Republican river valley in Nebraska (L. Bruner).

581. Melospiza fasciata (Gmel.).--SONG SPARROW.

West Point, Omaha, Lincoln (L. Bruner); "Common in certain localities" (Aughey); "Summer resident, common, arrives in April and May, and found as late as September, probably a winter resident in some parts of the state" (Taylor); "West to the base of the Rocky mountains" (Goss); Omaha (L. Skow); an abundant winter resident, also common resident, commonest Oct. 1 to March 20" (I. S. Trostler); Lincoln, March 25, Oct. 7, 23, 30, Crete, April 19 (D. A. Haggard); Crawford, Dec. 12 (L. Bruner); Long Pine, April 9 (J. M. Bates).

583. Melospiza lincolnii (Aud.).—LINCOLN'S SPARROW.

West Point, Lincoln (L. Bruner); "Great numbers pass through Nebraska in spring and fall" (Aughey); "Migratory, abundant, arrives in April, May, September, and October" (Taylor) ; "North America at Large" (Goss); Peru, common migrant (G. A. Coleman); Lincoln, April 22, May 8, 10, Oct. 7, 8 (D. A. Haggard).

584. Melospiza georgiana (Lath.).—SWAMP SPARROW.

Lincoln, West Point, Lyons (L. Bruner); "One specimen mentioned by Baird" (Taylor); " West to the Great Plains" (Goss); Omaha (L. Skow); Peru, common migrant (G. A. Coleman); Lincoln, April 26, May 3, Dec. 15 (D. A. Haggard).

585. Passerella iliaca (Merrem).—FOX SPARROW.

West Point, Omaha, Lincoln (L. Bruner); "One specimen mentioned in the records of the Normal Science Society" (Taylor); "West to the plains and Alaska" (Goss); Beatrice (A. S. Pearse); Omaha (L. Skow); Peru, common migrant (G. A. Coleman); Gage county (F. A. Colby); Omaha, "a common migrant, Oct. 1 to 26, March 20 to April 10—occasionally seen during warm winter weather" (I. S. Trostler); Lincoln, April 9, Oct. 29 (D. A. Haggard).

585c. Passerella iliaca schistacea (Baird). — SLATE-COLORED SPARROW.

Omaha, Florence, Rockport (L. Skow).

587. Pipilo erythropthalmus (Linn.).—CHEWINK; TOWHEE.

West Point, Omaha, Lincoln, Rulo, etc.—breeds (L. Bruner); "Large numbers pass through northern Nebraska on their migration, a few stop to breed" (Aughey); "Migratory, abundant; summer resident, somewhat rare; arrive in March and April, may occasionally spend the winter in the state" (Taylor); "West to eastern Dakota and Texas" (Goss); Beatrice, De Witt—breeding (A. S. Pearse); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Cherry county—breeds (J. M. Bates); Genoa, Wood River—abundant (D. H. Talbot); Gage county (F. A. Colby); "an abundant migrant and common resident, breeds April 20 to June 25,-two or three broods—have taken fresh eggs and two-weeks-old young in same nest" (I. S. Trostler); Lincoln (D. A. Haggard).

588. Pipilo maculatus arcticus (Swains.).—ARCTIC TOWHEE.

Sioux county (L. Bruner); "Baird mentions eighteen specimens collected in western Nebraska, ten in May, four in summer, and three the latter part of September" (Taylor); "East to Kansas, Nebraska, etc." (Goss); Cherry county —breeds (J. M. Bates); Sioux county—breeding (R. E. Dinges).

590. Pipilo chlorurus (Towns.).--GREEN-TAILED TOWHEE.

"Baird mentions several taken in August in extreme western Nebraska" (Taylor).

593. Cardinalis cardinalis (Linn.).—CARDINAL GR0SBEAK.

West Point, Omaha, Lincoln Rulo, Nebraska City, etc.—breeds (L. Bruner); "Abundant in southern Nebraska, where it breeds" (Aughey); "Resident, common" (Taylor); "West to the edge of the Great Plains" (Goss); Beatrice (A. S. Pearse); Fairbury (M. L. Eaton); Omaha, Rockport—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Gage county (F. A. Colby); "a not uncommon resident, commonest in winter, breeds in latter part of May" (L S. Trostler); Lincoln, March 5, Rulo, April 18 (D. A. Haggard).

595. Habia ludoviciana (Linn.).—ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK.

West Point, Omaha, Lincoln, Bellevue, etc., breeds (L. Bruner); "Rather abundant in northern Nebraska" (Aughey); "Summer resident, common, arrives in April and May" (Taylor); "West to the edge of the Great Plains" (Goss); Beatrice, De Witt (A. S. Pearse); Beatrice (M. L. Eaton); Omaha— breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Gage county— breeds (F. A. Colby); a common summer resident, arrives April 20 to May 10, "breeds May 25 to June 10, departs for the south during latter September" (I. S. Trostler).

596. Habia melanocephala (Swains).—BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK.

Sioux county (L. Bruner); Lincoln (R. E. Dinges); "I have seen this bird myself only along the Republican river in southwestern Nebraska" (Aughey); "Summer resident, rare, arrives in May and has been found as late as September" (Taylor); "East to middle Nebraska" (Goss); Omaha, "a rare straggler—one found dead under telegraph wire Oct. 26, 1894" (I. S. Trostler).

597. Guiraca cærulea (Linn.).—BLUE GROSBEAK.

Grand Island (Aughey); "Summer resident, rare, has been seen as late as September" (Taylor); "North occasionally to New England and southern Nebraska" (Goss); Gage county (Fred Wesphal, F. A. Colby); Omaha, "a straggler, rare, one seen Oct. 26, 1894" (I. S. Trostler).

597a. Guiraca cærulea eurhyncha Coues..—WESTERN BLUE GROSREAK.

"From South Dakota, Colorado," etc. (A. 0. U. Check List).

598. Passerina cyanea (Linn.).—INDIGO BUNTING; INDIGO BIRD.

Omaha, West Point, Weeping Water, Lincoln—breeds (L. Bruner); "Rare in Nebraska" (Aughey); "Summer resident, common, arrives in May " (Taylor); "West to the edge of the Great Plains" (Goss); Beatrice, De Witt (A. S. Pearse); Omaba—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Cherry county (J. M. Bates); Gage county (F. A. Colby); "common summer resident, arrives May 1 to 10, breeds June 3 to 15, departs early in September" (I. S. Trostler); Lincoln, Aug. 15 (D. A. Haggard).

599. Passerina amœna (Say).—LAZULI FINCH; LAZULI BUNTING.

West Point, Sioux county—breeds (L. Bruner); "Summer resident, rare" (Taylor); "East to the Great Plains" (Goss).

604. Spiza americana (Gmel.).—DICKCISSEL; BLACK-THROATED BUNTING.

West Point, Omaha, Norfolk, Schuyler, Lincoln, etc.—breeds (L. Bruner); "Common in eastern Nebraska, and found to the west line of the state" (Aughey); "Summer resident, abundant, found as late as September" (Taylor); "North to New England and southern Dakota" (Goss); Beatrice (A. S. Pearse); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, abundant—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Cherry county—breeds (J. M. Bates); numerous localities in state (D. H. Talbot); Gage county—breeds (F. A. Colby); "An abundant migrant and common summer resident, arrives May 7 to 15, breeds June 2 to July 15" (1. S. Trostler).

605. Calamospiza melanocorys Stejn.--LARK BUNTING.

West Point, Lincoln (L. Bruner); "Rather abundant in southern Nebraska, where it breeds" (Aughey); "Summer resident, common, probably arrives in May" (Taylor); "West to the Rocky mountains" (Goss); Lincoln (D. A. Haggard); Beatrice—breeding, De Witt (A. S. Pearse); Cherry county—breeds (J. M. Bates); Gage county (F. A. Colby); Thomas county—breeding (L. Bruner).

FAMILY TANAGRIDÆ--TANAGERS.

607. Piranga ludoviciana (Wils.). — LOUISIANA TANAGER; CRIMSON-HEADED TANAGER,

Sioux county—breeds (L. Bruner); "Baird mentions five specimens collected in western Nebraska in August and September" (Taylor).

608. Piranga erythromelas Vieill.—SCARLET TANAGER.

West Point, Omaha, Lincoln, La Platte, Weeping Water, etc.—breeds (L. Bruner); "in the southeastern part of the state" (Aughey); "Summer resident, somewhat rare" (Taylor); "West to the Great Plains" (Goss); Omaha— breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Gage county (F. A. Colby); "quite common summer resident, arrives about May 1, breeds June 5 to 20, and departs early in September" (I. S. Trostler).

610. Piranga rubra (Linn.).—SUMMER REDBIRD.

Lincoln, breeds (R. E. Dinges); "Have seen this bird only in southeastern Nebraska (Aughey); "Summer resident, rare, arrives in May" (Taylor); "North to New Jersey, Illinois, and Nebraska" (Goss); Omaha (L. Skow); "a rare summer resident, one seen in western part of Douglas county, July 7, 1894" (I. S. Trostler).

FAMILY HIRUNDINIDÆ.--SWALLOWS.

All of our swallows are insect destroyers, feeding upon such forms as gnats, flies, etc., which they capture on the wing. The large colonies of different species of these birds that breed within the state, as well as those that pass through during their migrations, destroy vast numbers of these insects. They should be protected.

611. Progne subis (Linn.).—PURPLE MARTIN; HOUSE MARTIN.

West Point, Omaha, Lincoln, Norfolk, etc.—breeds (L Bruner); "Rather common in Nebraska, where it breeds" (Aughey); "resident, common, arrives in May" (Taylor); "The whole of temperate North America" (Goss); Beatrice, De Witt—breeding (A. S. Pearse); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); Gage county (F. A. Colby); Omaha, "a common resident, formerly abundant, but being driven out by European House Sparrow; arrives March 10 to April 1, breeds April 25 to June 1" (I. S. Trostler).

612. Petrochelidon lunifrons (Say).—CLIFF SWALLOW; EAVES SWALLOW; MUD SWALLOW.

West Point, Lincoln, Sioux county, Omaha, etc. —breeds (L. Bruner); "Occurs in eastern Nebraska in great numbers" (Aughey); "Summer resident, arrive in May" (Taylor); "North America at large" (Goss); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Cherry county—breeding (J. M. Bates); Omaha, "common summer resident, arrives May 1, breeds May 20 to July 1, departs Aug. 10 to Sept. 15" (I. S. Trostler).

613. Chelidon erythrogastra (Bodd.).—BARN SWALLOW.

Holt county, Omaha, Lincoln, West Point, etc.—breeds (L. Bruner); "various localities in eastern Nebraska, and also breeds here (Aughey); "Summer resident, common, arrives in May" (Taylor); "North America in general" (Goss); Beatrice, De Witt-breeding (A. S. Pearse); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Cherry county—breeds Jan. 2, 1892 (J. M. Bates); Gage county—breeds (F. A. Colby); Omaha, "a common summer resident, arrives May 1 to 10, breeds May 25 to July 10, departs Aug. 10 to Sept. 15" (L S. Trostler).

614. Tachycineta bicolor (Vieill.).—WHITE-BELLIED SWALLOW; TREE SWALLOW.

West Point, Lincoln, Sioux county, breeds in latter locality (L. Bruner); "found but sparingly in Nebraska" (Aughey); "Summer resident, rare, arrive in April" (Taylor); "The whole of North America" (Goss); Omaha— breeds (L. Skow); "a common migrant, but as summer resident not common in vicinity of Omaha, arrives April 10 to May 1, breeds June 1 to 10, departs Sept. 1 to 25" (I. S. Trostler).

615. Tachycineta thalassina (Swains.).—VIOLET-GREEN SWALLOW.

West Point, Sioux county—breeds in latter locality (L. Bruner); "in western Nebraska, where I found it nesting" (Aughey); "Mentioned by both Baird and Aughey as taken in the summer season in western Nebraska" (Taylor).

616. Clivicola riparia (Linn.).—BANK SWALLOW.

Entire state—breeds in suitable localities (L. Bruner); "Common in eastern Nebraska—breeds (Aughey); "Summer resident, common" (Taylor); "Northern hemisphere in general" (Goss); Beatrice, De Witt—breeds (A. S. Pearse); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Cherry county—breeds (J. M. Bates); Gage county —breeds (F. A. Colby); "an abundant summer resident—breeds" (I. S. Trostler).

617. Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Aud.). — ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW.

West Point, Omaha (L. Bruner); "breeding in Richardson county" (Aughey); "summer resident, common" (Taylor); "United States at large (Goss); Peru, common—breeds (G. A. Coleman); "rare summer resident, a small colony seen nesting in bank of Elkhorn river in western part of Douglas county July 15, 1894" (I. S. Trostler).

FAMILY AMPELIDÆ.--WAXWINGS.

The "waxwings," both the Cedar Bird and Bohemian Waxwing, feed principally upon berries, etc., which they find throughout the year. Still, in his studies of the food contents of the stomachs of a variety of birds taken in a certain orchard that was overrun with canker-worms, Professor Forbes found that the seven specimens of the Cedar Waxwing had eaten nothing but canker-worms and a few dung beetles—these latter in such small numbers as to scarcely count. The number of caterpillars eaten by each bird ranged from 70 to 101.

618. Ampelis garrulus Linn.—B0HEMIAN WAXWING; NORTHERN WAXWING.

West Point, Omaha, Lincoln (L. Bruner); "Rare in Nebraska in winter" (Aughey); "Winter resident" (Taylor); "in North America south in winter more or less regularly to latitude 40°" (Goss); Omaha (L. Skow); Cherry county (J. M. Bates); "a very irregular winter resident" (I. S. Trostler); Sioux county, common (George Toole); Lincoln, Dec. 7 (D. A. Haggard); Lincoln, Nov. 14, 28—fourteen specimens (J. S. Hunter); Fullerton, Nance county (C. E. Barker).

619. Ampelis cedrorum (Vieill.).—CEDAR BIRD; CEDAR WAX WLNG; CHEERY BIRD.

West Point, Omaha, Tekamah, Lincoln, etc. (L. Bruner); "only a few times in Nebraska" (Aughey); "An irregular resident, generally common "(Taylor); "The whole of temperate North America" (Goss); Omaha—breeds (L. Skow); Peru, common—may breed (G. A. Coleman); Cherry county J. M. Bates); Gage county (F. A. Colby); "not uncommon as a late migrant in autumn and early spring—probably breeds in Nebraska" (I. S. Trostler); Lincoln, March 8 (D. A. Haggard).